竞争物种的协同进化：生态位分化

Coevolution of competing species: ecological character displacement.

作者信息

Lundberg S, Stenseth N C

出版信息

Theor Popul Biol. 1985 Apr;27(2):105-19. doi: 10.1016/0040-5809(85)90006-1.

Abstract

Character displacement of competing species is studied. A model, originally developed by MacArthur and Levins (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 51 (1964), 1207-1210) and further analyzed by Lawlor and Maynard Smith (Amer. Nat. 110 (1976), 70-99), has been reanalyzed. In the present paper, a more formally correct analysis of the MacArthur-Levins model is provided. A standard population genetics approach to sexually reproducing populations is adopted. The same conclusion as proposed by Lawlor and Maynard Smith emerges; competition can lead only to character divergence. In our analysis we either require that allopatrically evolved consumer populations must be able to coexist at an ecologically stable equilibrium (hence, we require mutual invasibility), or consider the feasibility of allopatric equilibria.

摘要

对竞争物种的特征取代进行了研究。一个最初由麦克阿瑟和莱文斯（《美国国家科学院院刊》51卷（1964年），第1207 - 1210页）开发并由劳勒和梅纳德·史密斯进一步分析（《美国博物学家》110卷（1976年），第70 - 99页）的模型，已被重新分析。在本文中，对麦克阿瑟 - 莱文斯模型提供了一种更形式上正确的分析。采用了一种用于有性繁殖种群的标准群体遗传学方法。得出了与劳勒和梅纳德·史密斯所提出的相同结论；竞争只会导致特征趋异。在我们的分析中，我们要么要求异域进化的消费者种群必须能够在生态稳定的平衡中共存（因此，我们要求相互入侵性），要么考虑异域平衡的可行性。