White S H, Ibrahim N B, Forrester-Wood C P, Jeyasingham K
Thorax. 1985 Apr;40(4):306-11. doi: 10.1136/thx.40.4.306.
Leiomyomas account for about 2% of benign tumours of the lower respiratory tract. From the relatively few cases reported in the literature, it appears that these tumours most commonly occur in the fourth decade, although one third of patients are under the age of 20 years. The distribution of leiomyomas favours the distal part of the tracheobronchial tree and the most common site for tracheal lesions is the membranous portion of the lower third. Over 90% of pulmonary parenchymal leiomyomas, which themselves are more common in women, are incidental findings on chest radiographs whereas bronchial lesions are important causes of irreversible lung damage. Tracheal lesions may present as bronchial asthma. Accurate early diagnosis rests on a high index of clinical suspicion and histological examination of bronchoscopic biopsy specimens or frozen section material obtained at exploratory thoracotomy. Treatment could be conservative surgery, but 65% of reported cases have been managed by lobectomy or pneumonectomy as a result of advanced irreversible lung disease or unawareness of the benign nature of the lesion.
平滑肌瘤约占下呼吸道良性肿瘤的2%。从文献报道的相对较少的病例来看，这些肿瘤最常见于40岁左右，尽管三分之一的患者年龄在20岁以下。平滑肌瘤的分布有利于气管支气管树的远端，气管病变最常见的部位是下三分之一的膜部。超过90%的肺实质平滑肌瘤（女性更为常见）是胸部X线片上的偶然发现，而支气管病变是不可逆肺损伤的重要原因。气管病变可能表现为支气管哮喘。准确的早期诊断依赖于高度的临床怀疑以及对支气管镜活检标本或开胸探查时获得的冰冻切片材料进行组织学检查。治疗可以是保守手术，但由于晚期不可逆肺病或对病变良性性质的认识不足，65%的报道病例已通过肺叶切除术或全肺切除术进行处理。
