Atoloye Abiodun T, Tayie Francis, Olasoji Sherif O
Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, 8700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322 - 8700, USA.
Department of Allied Health, & Sport Sciences, Kinesiology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Apr 16. doi: 10.1007/s40615-025-02425-6.
This study examines separate relationships between ethnic-immigration status, length of residence (US nativity), dietary quality, and food security status among US adults. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2017 and 2020 were used. The study sample included 6933 adults aged 18 and above. Food security status was categorized as either food secure or food insecure. Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) component scores. The ethnic-immigration status comprised US-born and immigrant groups, including Whites, Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and multi-racial group. The US nativity was categorized as native, less than 5 years, 5-14 years, 15-30 years, and above 30 years of residency. Associations between ethnic-immigration status, US nativity, and food security were analyzed using logistic regression. Their associations with dietary quality used linear regression. The results showed that US-born Hispanics, multi-racial group, and immigrant Hispanics had about twice the odds of being at a risk of food insecurity compared to their US-born White counterparts, while US-born Blacks had about one and half odds. Food insecurity was higher among respondents with less than 5 years and over 30 years of residency in the USA, with odds slightly less than two. Immigrants had better overall dietary quality than US-born Whites and natives (p-values < 0.001). The study highlights the importance of nutrition interventions that consistently promote equitable access to affordable and nutritious foods while fostering the exchange of valuable dietary practices among groups and encouraging cross-cultural learning to improve overall health.
本研究考察了美国成年人的种族移民身份、居住时长（美国本土出生情况）、饮食质量和粮食安全状况之间的独立关系。使用了2017年至2020年期间美国国家健康与营养检查调查的数据。研究样本包括6933名18岁及以上的成年人。粮食安全状况分为粮食安全或粮食不安全。饮食质量使用健康饮食指数（HEI - 2015）成分得分进行评估。种族移民身份包括美国出生和移民群体，包括白人、亚洲人、黑人、西班牙裔和多种族群体。美国本土出生情况分为本土出生、居住时间少于5年、5 - 14年、15 - 30年以及居住时间超过30年。使用逻辑回归分析种族移民身份、美国本土出生情况与粮食安全之间的关联。它们与饮食质量的关联使用线性回归。结果显示，与美国出生的白人相比，美国出生的西班牙裔、多种族群体以及移民西班牙裔面临粮食不安全风险的几率约为两倍，而美国出生的黑人约为1.5倍。在美国居住时间少于5年和超过30年的受访者中，粮食不安全情况更为严重，几率略低于两倍。移民的总体饮食质量优于美国出生的白人和本土出生者（p值<0.001）。该研究强调了营养干预的重要性，即持续促进公平获取负担得起的营养食品，同时促进不同群体之间有价值的饮食习惯交流，并鼓励跨文化学习以改善整体健康。
