University of South Carolina, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, 915 Greene Street, Room 539, Columbia, SC 29204, USA.
University of California, Irvine, Program in Public Health, 653 E. Peltason Drive 2036, Anteater Instruction and Research Building (AIRB), Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Prev Med. 2017 Dec;105:142-148. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.007. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
Although immigrants are healthier than non-immigrants on numerous outcomes, the reverse appears to be true with regards to food insecurity. Most studies ignore heterogeneity in the risk for food insecurity within immigration status and by ethnicity, even though significant variation likely exists. We consider how immigration status and ethnicity are related to trends in food insecurity among Latinos and Asians in California from 2001 through 2011. Data come from the 2001 to 2011 restricted California Health Interview Survey (n=245,679). We categorized Latinos and Asians as US-born, naturalized/legal permanent residents (naturalized/LPR), and non-LPRs (students, temporary workers, refugees, and undocumented persons). Multivariable weighted logistic regression analyses assessed temporal trends over the 10-year period after adjustment for demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, and program participation. Across this period, US-born Asians reported similar levels of food insecurity as US-born Whites. Conversely, Latinos, regardless of immigration status or nativity, and Asian immigrants (i.e., naturalized/LPR and non-LPR) reported greater food insecurity than US-born Whites. Further, from 2001 through 2009, non-LPR Latinos reported higher risk of food insecurity than naturalized/LPR Latinos. Thus, food insecurity differs between ethnic groups, but also differs within ethnic group by immigration status. Efforts to reduce food insecurity should consider the additional barriers to access that are faced by immigrants, particularly those without legal permanent residency.
尽管移民在许多方面的健康状况都优于非移民，但在粮食不安全方面，情况似乎恰恰相反。大多数研究忽略了移民身份和族裔内部粮食不安全风险的异质性，尽管这种差异可能很大。我们考虑了移民身份和族裔如何与加利福尼亚州拉丁裔和亚裔人群在 2001 年至 2011 年期间粮食不安全趋势相关。数据来自 2001 年至 2011 年受限的加利福尼亚健康访谈调查（n=245679）。我们将拉丁裔和亚裔分为美国出生、入籍/合法永久居民（入籍/LPR）和非 LPR（学生、临时工人、难民和无证人员）。多变量加权逻辑回归分析评估了在调整人口统计学、社会经济特征和项目参与后 10 年期间的时间趋势。在此期间，美国出生的亚洲人报告的粮食不安全程度与美国出生的白人相似。相反，拉丁裔人，无论移民身份或原籍国如何，以及亚洲移民（即入籍/LPR 和非 LPR）报告的粮食不安全程度都高于美国出生的白人。此外，从 2001 年到 2009 年，非 LPR 拉丁裔人报告的粮食不安全风险高于入籍/LPR 拉丁裔人。因此，粮食不安全状况在不同族裔群体之间存在差异，但在同一族裔群体内部，移民身份也存在差异。减少粮食不安全的努力应考虑到移民面临的额外获得机会的障碍，尤其是那些没有合法永久居留权的移民。
