Ahmed Imtiaz, Prakash Kamal, Mobin Shaikh M
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Khandwa Road, 433552, India.
Center for Advanced Electronics (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Khandwa Road, 433552, India.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2025 May 1;61(37):6691-6721. doi: 10.1039/d4cc06835a.
The growing perovskite solar cells (PSC) have reached a power conversion efficiency of up to 25% within a decade and demonstrated the potential to replace traditional silicon-based solar cells. However, a major issue with perovskite solar cells regarding their practical application and commercialization is their lead-based toxicity, which has harmful effects on human health and ecological systems. Thus, lead-free perovskite solar cells have emerged as one of the most promising prospects in perovskite solar cell technology due to their non-toxic nature, optimal stability, and durability. Since their discovery, lead-free perovskite solar cells have achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of ∼15% and still require further development. In this feature article, we review the recent developments in the field of lead-free perovskite solar cells. We emphasize the advantages and limitations of Pb-free perovskites and the current state of lead-free perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of cation and anion sites on the stability and efficiency of lead-free PSCs and provide an update on the progress of lead-free perovskites for photovoltaic applications. Designing environmentally friendly lead-free perovskite devices is an imperative goal, though it comes with significant challenges. This article provides a brief analysis of the challenges and strategies required to improve the stability and efficiency of lead-free perovskites. Finally, we summarize the review to offer a better understanding of lead-free PSCs and outline the direction for further exploration.
在十年内，不断发展的钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的功率转换效率已高达25%，展现出取代传统硅基太阳能电池的潜力。然而，钙钛矿太阳能电池在实际应用和商业化方面的一个主要问题是其铅基毒性，这对人类健康和生态系统有有害影响。因此，无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池因其无毒性质、最佳稳定性和耐久性，已成为钙钛矿太阳能电池技术中最具前景的发展方向之一。自发现以来，无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池已实现了约15%的最大功率转换效率，仍需进一步发展。在这篇专题文章中，我们回顾了无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池领域的最新进展。我们强调了无铅钙钛矿的优缺点以及无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的当前状态。此外，我们讨论了阳离子和阴离子位点对无铅PSC稳定性和效率的影响，并提供了无铅钙钛矿在光伏应用方面的进展更新。设计环境友好型无铅钙钛矿器件是一个紧迫的目标，尽管面临重大挑战。本文简要分析了提高无铅钙钛矿稳定性和效率所需的挑战和策略。最后，我们总结了这篇综述，以便更好地理解无铅PSC，并概述进一步探索的方向。
