GABA Receptor: Structure, Biological Functions, and Therapy for Diseases.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptors (GABARs) that acts slowly and maintains the inhibitory tone are versatile regulators in the complex nervous behaviors and their involvement in various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, epilepsy, pain, drug addiction, and Alzheimer's disease. Additional study advances have implied the crucial roles of GABARs in regulating feeding-related behaviors, yet their therapeutic potential in addressing the neuropsychiatric disorders, binge eating, and feeding-related disorders remains underutilized. This general review summarized the physiological structure and functions of GABAR, explored the regulation in various psychiatric disorders, feeding behaviors, binge eating, and metabolism disorders, and fully discussed the potential of targeting GABARs and its regulator-binding sites for the treatment of different psychiatric disorders, binge eating and even obesity. While agonists that directly bind to GABAR1 have some negative side effects, positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) that bind to GABAR2 demonstrate excellent therapeutic efficacy and tolerability and have better safety and therapeutic indexes. Moreover, phosphorylation sites of downstream GABARs regulators may be novel therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders, binge eating, and obesity. Further studies, clinical trials in particular, will be essential for confirming the therapeutic value of PAMs and other agents targeting the GABAR pathways in a clinical setting.