Visual long-term memory is not made more precise with medial-frontal direct-current stimulation.

Previous research suggests that applying anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) to the medial-frontal cortex can improve how quickly subjects learn to make simple discriminations (i.e., red from blue). Here, we tested the idea that this enhanced task learning is attributable to superior encoding of relevant information into visual long-term memory. Thirty subjects completed an anodal stimulation session and a sham session, with order counterbalanced across subjects, before performing recognition-memory tasks using pictures of real-world objects and visually presented words or nonwords. These tasks allowed us to detect potential memory differences across types of memoranda. Contrary to the hypothesis that the medial-frontal cortex helps control encoding fidelity, we found that anodal tDCS delivered over this brain region did not significantly improve subjects' memory for visual stimuli, regardless of stimulus type. Our findings show no evidence that targeting medial-frontal cortex with tDCS changes the fidelity of our visual long-term memories.