Fu Wanyi, Liu Ziyao, Yang Zhichao, Li Yuhang, Pan Bingcai
Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Fundam Res. 2023 Nov 10;5(2):612-623. doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.07.011. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Nanotechnology-enabled water treatment is the most attractive approach to realizing advanced purification of contaminated waters that challenge the efficacy of traditional water treatment technologies. Confining nanomaterials inside porous scaffolds or substrates is one of the most effective strategies to push nano-enabled water treatment technologies forward from laboratory to field application. As flourishingly reported, confinement effects induce significantly improved decontamination efficiency, such as enhanced adsorption capacity, reaction kinetics, stability, and selectivity. In this review, first we provide an overview of the general fundamentals of nanoconfinement effects and their implications in environmental remediation. Next, we review confined Fe-based nanomaterials, such as different polymorphs of iron-oxides, oxyhydroxides, zero-valent iron, and single-atom iron as representative materials towards their applications in nanoconfinement systems for water decontamination. Finally, we propose future studies based on the missing scientific fundamentals regarding nanoconfinement effects and challenges for translating unique and promising nanoconfinement observations to engineering applications of confined nanomaterials-driven water treatment technologies.
基于纳米技术的水处理是实现对传统水处理技术效果构成挑战的受污染水深度净化的最具吸引力的方法。将纳米材料限制在多孔支架或基质内是推动纳米水处理技术从实验室走向实际应用的最有效策略之一。正如大量报道的那样，限域效应能显著提高去污效率，如增强吸附容量、反应动力学、稳定性和选择性。在这篇综述中，我们首先概述纳米限域效应的一般基本原理及其在环境修复中的意义。接下来，我们综述受限的铁基纳米材料，如不同晶型的铁氧化物、羟基氧化物、零价铁和单原子铁，作为纳米限域系统中用于水净化的代表性材料。最后，我们基于纳米限域效应缺失的科学基础以及将独特且有前景的纳米限域观察结果转化为受限纳米材料驱动的水处理技术工程应用面临的挑战，提出未来的研究方向。
