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2C-I和25I-NBOMe这类设计药物的亚致死浓度会影响发育和生殖行为。

Sublethal Concentrations of 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe Designer Drugs Impact Development and Reproductive Behavior.

作者信息

Gil-Martins Eva, Barbosa Daniel José, Cagide Fernando, Remião Fernando, Borges Fernanda, Silva Renata

机构信息

Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.

UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 26;26(7):3039. doi: 10.3390/ijms26073039.


DOI:10.3390/ijms26073039
PMID:40243676
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11988394/
Abstract

Designer drugs like 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe have emerged as potent psychoactive substances, with several reports linking their consumption to severe poisoning and fatalities. However, there is limited information on their toxicity, particularly in in vivo models. In this manuscript, we evaluate the survival, developmental, and reproductive impact of these designer drugs on the model organism (). For this purpose, adult worms synchronized at the L1 stage were exposed to growing concentrations of 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe. The animal survival rate and the putative effects of the drugs on development and reproductive behavior were assessed after 24 h of exposure. A concentration-dependent decrease in animal survival was observed. 25I-NBOMe was approximately six times more toxic than 2C-I (LC values-1.368 mM for 2C-I and 0.236 mM for 25I-NBOMe). Furthermore, sublethal concentrations of both drugs delayed animal development and reduced the total progeny but not its survival. Overall, these findings underscore the developmental and reproductive risks associated with exposure to 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe, even at sublethal concentrations.

摘要

像2C-I和25I-NBOMe这样的设计药物已成为强效精神活性物质,有几份报告将它们的使用与严重中毒和死亡联系起来。然而,关于它们的毒性信息有限,尤其是在体内模型中。在本手稿中,我们评估了这些设计药物对模式生物()的生存、发育和生殖的影响。为此,将同步到L1阶段的成年蠕虫暴露于浓度不断增加的2C-I和25I-NBOMe中。暴露24小时后评估动物存活率以及药物对发育和生殖行为的假定影响。观察到动物存活率呈浓度依赖性下降。25I-NBOMe的毒性约为2C-I的六倍(2C-I的LC值为1.368 mM,25I-NBOMe的LC值为0.236 mM)。此外,两种药物的亚致死浓度都会延迟动物发育并减少总后代数量,但不会影响其存活率。总体而言,这些发现强调了即使在亚致死浓度下,接触2C-I和25I-NBOMe也会带来发育和生殖风险。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2d3/11988394/1ea78414b582/ijms-26-03039-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2d3/11988394/b53bec157f73/ijms-26-03039-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2d3/11988394/c6659db2f605/ijms-26-03039-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2d3/11988394/62c7846a70f7/ijms-26-03039-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2d3/11988394/1ea78414b582/ijms-26-03039-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2d3/11988394/b53bec157f73/ijms-26-03039-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2d3/11988394/c6659db2f605/ijms-26-03039-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2d3/11988394/62c7846a70f7/ijms-26-03039-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2d3/11988394/1ea78414b582/ijms-26-03039-g004.jpg

相似文献

[1]
Sublethal Concentrations of 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe Designer Drugs Impact Development and Reproductive Behavior.

Int J Mol Sci. 2025-3-26

[2]
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J Med Toxicol. 2014-3

[3]
Prevalence of use and acute toxicity associated with the use of NBOMe drugs.

Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015-2

[4]
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Forensic Sci Int. 2015-4

[5]
Retrospective Demonstration of 25I-NBOMe Acute Poisoning Using Hair Analysis.

Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2017

[6]
The role of mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium dysregulation in 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe-induced neurotoxicity.

Chem Biol Interact. 2025-4-25

[7]
2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine (25I-NBOME): A Harmful Hallucinogen Review.

J Anal Toxicol. 2021-1-21

[8]
Hallucinogen-Like Action of the Novel Designer Drug 25I-NBOMe and Its Effect on Cortical Neurotransmitters in Rats.

Neurotox Res. 2019-4-15

[9]
A retrospective analysis of the "Neverending Trip" after administration of a potent full agonist of 5-HT2A receptor - 25I-NBOMe.

Biomed Pharmacother. 2022-2

[10]
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Drug Chem Toxicol. 2015-1

本文引用的文献

[1]
The role of mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium dysregulation in 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe-induced neurotoxicity.

Chem Biol Interact. 2025-4-25

[2]
Mechanistic Insights into the Neurotoxicity of 2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamines (2C) and Corresponding -(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (NBOMe) Drugs.

J Xenobiot. 2024-6-5

[3]
Toxic Effects of Methamphetamine on Reproductive Systems, Embryo Development, and Newborns: An Evidence-Based Review.

Curr Med Chem. 2024-6-12

[4]
Prenatal methamphetamine use increases risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2024-9

[5]
Unraveling the In Vitro Toxicity Profile of Psychedelic 2C Phenethylamines and Their -Benzylphenethylamine (NBOMe) Analogues.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023-8-15

[6]
Perinatal Psychoactive Substances Use: A Rising Perinatal Mental Health Concern.

J Clin Med. 2023-3-10

[7]
Ketamine induces apical extracellular matrix modifications in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Sci Rep. 2022-12-21

[8]
An Update on the Implications of New Psychoactive Substances in Public Health.

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022-4-17

[9]
Changes in body shape implicate cuticle stretch in C. elegans growth control.

Cells Dev. 2022-6

[10]
Neurotoxicity Testing: Novel Applications in the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework.

Front Toxicol. 2022-3-16

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