Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal.
Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilha, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 17;19(8):4869. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084869.
The emergence of new psychoactive substances has earned a great deal of attention, and several reports of acute poisoning and deaths have been issued involving, for instance, synthetic opiates. In recent years, there have been profound alterations in the legislation concerning consumption, marketing, and synthesis of these compounds; rapid alert systems have also been subject to changes, and new substances and new markets, mainly through the internet, have appeared. Their effects and how they originate in consumers are still mostly unknown, primarily in what concerns chronic toxicity. This review intends to provide a detailed description of these substances from the point of view of consumption, toxicokinetics, and health consequences, including case reports on intoxications in order to help researchers and public health agents working daily in this area.
新精神活性物质的出现引起了广泛关注，有几起因涉及合成阿片类药物的急性中毒和死亡的报告。近年来，有关这些化合物的消费、营销和合成的立法发生了深刻变化；快速警报系统也发生了变化，新的物质和新的市场（主要通过互联网）出现了。它们的作用以及它们在消费者中的起源在很大程度上仍然未知，主要涉及慢性毒性。本综述旨在从消费、毒代动力学和健康后果的角度对这些物质进行详细描述，包括中毒案例报告，以帮助在这一领域工作的研究人员和公共卫生人员。
