Papadopoulos Konstantinos S, Korkolopoulou Penelope, Piperi Christina
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece.
First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 27;26(7):3095. doi: 10.3390/ijms26073095.
Exosomes are actively produced extracellular vesicles, released from different cell types, that exert important regulatory roles in vital cellular functions. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) have received increasing attention because they enable intercellular communication between the neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells present in the microenvironment of tumors, affecting important functions of different types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the ability to self-renew and differentiate. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) carry a variety of bioactive molecules that can interact with specific cellular targets and signaling pathways, influencing critical processes in tumor biology, and exhibiting properties that either promote or inhibit tumor progression. They can regulate the tumor microenvironment by modulating immune responses, enhancing or suppressing angiogenesis, and facilitating tumor cells' communication with distant sites, thus altering the behavior of non-cancerous cells present in the microenvironment. Herein, we explore the main functions of TDEs and their intricate interactions with MSC-exos, in terms of enhancing cancer progression, as well as their promising clinical applications as tumor microenvironment modulators.
外泌体是由不同细胞类型释放的、活跃产生的细胞外囊泡，在重要的细胞功能中发挥重要的调节作用。肿瘤衍生外泌体（TDEs）受到越来越多的关注，因为它们能够在肿瘤微环境中的肿瘤细胞和非肿瘤细胞之间实现细胞间通讯，影响不同类型具有自我更新和分化能力的间充质干细胞（MSCs）的重要功能。间充质干细胞衍生外泌体（MSC-exos）携带多种生物活性分子，这些分子可以与特定的细胞靶点和信号通路相互作用，影响肿瘤生物学中的关键过程，并表现出促进或抑制肿瘤进展的特性。它们可以通过调节免疫反应、增强或抑制血管生成以及促进肿瘤细胞与远处部位的通讯来调节肿瘤微环境，从而改变微环境中存在的非癌细胞的行为。在此，我们探讨了TDEs的主要功能及其与MSC-exos在促进癌症进展方面的复杂相互作用，以及它们作为肿瘤微环境调节剂的潜在临床应用。
