Zhang Hanlu, Cone John W, Kies Arie K, Hendriks Wouter H, van der Wielen Nikkie
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
J Anim Sci. 2025 Jan 4;103. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaf119.
This study aimed to investigate the in vitro fermentation potential of ileal digesta from pigs fed 7 protein sources with different batches-maize germ meal (MGM), cottonseed meal (CSM), rapeseed cake (RSC), rapeseed meal (RSM), peanut meal, soybean meal (SBM), and sunflower meal (SFM)-to assess their potential impact on hindgut protein fermentation, which can be harmful to animals. Ileal digesta samples were incubated with porcine fecal inoculum under N-free conditions, with whey protein isolate (WPI) as a control. Gas production (GP) resulting from protein fermentation was monitored over 48 h and analyzed using a modified biphasic model to assess substrate fermentation and microbiota turnover dynamics. Significant variations in fermentation characteristics, including maximum GP rates (Rmax), cumulative GP, and microbiota turnover slopes, were observed across the protein sources. Rmax values ranged from 16.8 ± 0.6 to 27.9 ± 0.8 mL/h for MGM and SFM, respectively compared to 12.5 ± 0.4 mL/h for WPI. Solubility and molecular mass analyses showed differences in the proportion of insoluble nitrogenous molecules and the distribution of soluble molecules, reflecting varying fermentability. Standardized hindgut fermentation potential differed significantly among the protein sources, with MGM exhibiting the highest potential (1.18 L/g dietary protein) and SBM the lowest (0.46 L/g dietary protein). These findings provide valuable insights into the differential accessibility of undigested protein to hindgut microbiota, contributing to more effective diet management and optimization of animal and human nutrition strategies.
本研究旨在探究饲喂7种不同批次蛋白质来源（玉米胚芽粕、棉籽粕、菜籽饼、菜籽粕、花生粕、豆粕和向日葵粕）的猪回肠食糜的体外发酵潜力，以评估它们对后肠蛋白质发酵的潜在影响，而后肠蛋白质发酵可能对动物有害。将回肠食糜样品在无氮条件下与猪粪便接种物一起孵育，以乳清蛋白分离物作为对照。监测48小时内蛋白质发酵产生的气体产量，并使用改良的双相模型进行分析，以评估底物发酵和微生物群周转动态。在不同蛋白质来源中观察到发酵特性的显著差异，包括最大产气速率、累积产气量和微生物群周转斜率。玉米胚芽粕和向日葵粕的最大产气速率分别为16.8±0.6至27.9±0.8 mL/h，而乳清蛋白分离物为12.5±0.4 mL/h。溶解度和分子量分析表明，不溶性含氮分子的比例和可溶性分子的分布存在差异，这反映了发酵性的不同。不同蛋白质来源的标准化后肠发酵潜力存在显著差异，玉米胚芽粕的潜力最高（1.18 L/g膳食蛋白质），豆粕最低（0.46 L/g膳食蛋白质）。这些发现为未消化蛋白质对后肠微生物群的不同可及性提供了有价值见解，有助于更有效地进行日粮管理和优化动物及人类营养策略。
