Li Rui, Chang Ling, Hou Gaifeng, Song Zehe, Fan Zhiyong, He Xi, Hou De-Xing
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China.
Front Nutr. 2019 Sep 24;6:151. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00151. eCollection 2019.
Dietary protein sources have the potential to affect the colon microbiome of piglets that will subsequently have a large impact on metabolic capabilities and hindgut health. This study explored the effects of different protein sources on the growth performance, diarrhea rate, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP), colonic mucin chemotypes, colonic microbiome, and microbial metabolites of piglets. Twenty-four piglets were randomly divided into four groups that received isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing either Palbio 50 RD (P50), Soyppt-50% (S50), concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein (CDCP), or fish meal (FM) as the sole protein source. The experimental diets did not affect the estimated daily gain (EDG), but P50 increased fecal score compared with S50 and CDCP. CDCP increased, but P50 reduced AID of CP in comparison to FM and S50. S50 and CDCP increased the amount of mixed neutral-acidic mucins relative to P50. Venn analysis identified unique OTUs in the P50 (13), CDCP (74), FM (39), and S50 (31) groups. The protein sources did not change the colonic bacterial richness or diversity. High abundance in the P50 and FM, great abundant of in the CDCP, and high abundance in the S50 were found. The CDCP tended to elevate valeric acid and branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) concentrations compared with the other diets. The P50 and FM groups had greater ammonia nitrogen and methylamine contents than the S50 and CDCP groups. There was a positive correlation between the and ammonia nitrogen, the and short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and a negative correlation between the and BCFA. These findings suggested short-term feeding of different protein sources did not affect the piglets' growth, but P50 increased the diarrhea rate. Potential pathogenic bacteria and detrimental metabolites appeared in the colons of piglets fed P50 and FM, whereas, beneficial effects were conferred upon piglets fed CDCP and S50, thus indicating that available plant proteins (cotton seed, soy) added to the diets of piglets enhanced colon health by reducing protein fermentation.
日粮蛋白质来源有可能影响仔猪的结肠微生物群，进而对其代谢能力和后肠健康产生重大影响。本研究探讨了不同蛋白质来源对仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、粗蛋白（CP）的表观回肠消化率（AID）、结肠粘蛋白化学类型、结肠微生物群和微生物代谢产物的影响。将24头仔猪随机分为四组，分别饲喂等能量、等氮日粮，日粮中分别以Palbio 50 RD（P50）、Soyppt - 50%（S50）、浓缩脱毒棉籽蛋白（CDCP）或鱼粉（FM）作为唯一蛋白质来源。实验日粮对估计日增重（EDG）没有影响，但与S50和CDCP相比，P50提高了粪便评分。与FM和S50相比，CDCP提高了CP的AID，但P50降低了CP的AID。与P50相比，S50和CDCP增加了混合中性 - 酸性粘蛋白的量。Venn分析确定了P50（13个）、CDCP（74个）、FM（39个）和S50（31个）组中的独特操作分类单元（OTUs）。蛋白质来源没有改变结肠细菌的丰富度或多样性。发现P50和FM中丰度高，CDCP中丰度高，S50中丰度高。与其他日粮相比，CDCP有提高戊酸和支链脂肪酸（BCFA）浓度的趋势。P50和FM组的氨氮和甲胺含量高于S50和CDCP组。与氨氮之间存在正相关，与短链脂肪酸（SCFA）之间存在正相关，与BCFA之间存在负相关。这些发现表明，短期饲喂不同蛋白质来源不影响仔猪生长，但P50提高了腹泻率。饲喂P50和FM的仔猪结肠中出现了潜在病原菌和有害代谢产物，而饲喂CDCP和S50的仔猪则有有益作用，这表明在仔猪日粮中添加可用植物蛋白（棉籽、大豆）可通过减少蛋白质发酵来增强结肠健康。
