Rozman Martin, Lukšič Miha
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 1;26(7):3260. doi: 10.3390/ijms26073260.
Flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) represent a distinctive category in optoelectronics, leveraging advanced materials to achieve tunable coloration under applied electric voltage. This review delves into recent advancements in electrode materials for ECDs, with a focus on silver nanowires, metal meshes, conductive polymers, carbon nanotubes, and transparent conductive ceramics. Each material is evaluated based on its manufacturing methods and integration potential. The analysis highlights the prominent role of transparent conductive ceramics and conductive polymers due to their versatility and scalability, while also addressing challenges such as environmental stability and production costs. Use of other alternative materials, such as metal meshes, carbon materials, nanowires and others, are presented here as a comparison as well. Emerging hybrid systems and advanced coating techniques are identified as promising solutions to overcome limitations regarding flexibility and durability. This review underscores the critical importance of electrode innovation in enhancing the performance, sustainability, and application scope of flexible ECDs for next-generation technologies.
柔性电致变色器件（ECD）在光电子学领域是一个独特的类别，它利用先进材料在施加电压的情况下实现可调节的显色。这篇综述深入探讨了ECD电极材料的最新进展，重点关注银纳米线、金属网、导电聚合物、碳纳米管和透明导电陶瓷。每种材料都根据其制造方法和集成潜力进行评估。分析突出了透明导电陶瓷和导电聚合物因其多功能性和可扩展性所发挥的突出作用，同时也探讨了诸如环境稳定性和生产成本等挑战。本文还展示了其他替代材料的使用情况，如金属网、碳材料、纳米线等作为比较。新兴的混合系统和先进的涂层技术被认为是克服柔性和耐久性方面限制的有前景的解决方案。这篇综述强调了电极创新对于提升下一代技术中柔性ECD的性能、可持续性和应用范围的至关重要性。
