Garcia Isadora Martini, Araújo-Neto Vitaliano Gomes, Balbinot Gabriela, Souza Virgínia Serra, Mokeem Lamia, Scholten Jackson Damiani, Melo Mary Anne Sampaio, Giannini Marcelo, Collares Fabrício Mezzomo
Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
Dent Mater. 2025 Jun;41(6):721-729. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.002. Epub 2025 Apr 17.
This study aimed to formulate experimental dental adhesives with alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide-loaded titanium oxide nanotubes (ntTiO/ATAB) and evaluated their physicochemical properties, antimicrobial activity, mineral deposition, and cytotoxicity.
ntTiO₂/ATAB was synthesized, characterized, and added into an experimental adhesive resin. The filler ntTiO₂/ATAB was added at 1, 2.5, and 5 wt% (G, G, G) in the adhesive. A control group (G) without ntTiO₂/ATAB was also prepared and used in all tests. The adhesives were analyzed for degree of conversion (DC%), softening in solvent, radiopacity, antibacterial activity against saliva-derived microcosm, mineral deposition capability, and cytotoxicity.
Analytical techniques, including TEM, FTIR, UV-Vis, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, confirmed the structure and chemical composition of the ntTiO₂/ATAB. A DC% over 60 % was observed for all groups, with no adverse impact on radiopacity or softening in solvent. Antibacterial testing indicated that increasing ntTiO₂/ATAB concentration led to reduced colony-forming units of critical microorganisms, with this effect sustained over a one-year aging period. Mineral deposition tests showed enhanced phosphate presence over the samples with higher ntTiO₂/ATAB concentrations. There were no statistical differences in human cell viability among groups.
The dental adhesives formulated with ntTiO/ATAB demonstrated suitable physical and chemical properties, including reliable bond strength to dentin previously tested. They also exhibited antibacterial effects against caries-related microorganisms even after aging, promoted bioactivity through mineral deposition, and showed no cytotoxicity against human cells. These adhesives represent a promising strategy to assist in reducing the risk of recurrent caries and preserve the material-dentin interface properties over time.
本研究旨在制备含烷基三甲基溴化铵负载二氧化钛纳米管（ntTiO/ATAB）的实验性牙科胶粘剂，并评估其物理化学性质、抗菌活性、矿物质沉积和细胞毒性。
合成并表征了ntTiO₂/ATAB，然后将其添加到实验性胶粘剂树脂中。在胶粘剂中分别添加1 wt%、2.5 wt%和5 wt%的填料ntTiO₂/ATAB（G1、G2、G3组）。还制备了不含ntTiO₂/ATAB的对照组（G0组）并用于所有测试。对胶粘剂进行转化率（DC%）、在溶剂中的软化程度、射线不透性、对唾液来源微生物群落的抗菌活性、矿物质沉积能力和细胞毒性分析。
包括透射电子显微镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）和显微拉曼光谱在内的分析技术证实了ntTiO₂/ATAB的结构和化学成分。所有组的DC%均超过60%，对射线不透性或在溶剂中的软化没有不利影响。抗菌测试表明，增加ntTiO₂/ATAB浓度会导致关键微生物的菌落形成单位减少，这种效果在一年的老化期内持续存在。矿物质沉积测试表明，ntTiO₂/ATAB浓度较高的样品中磷酸盐含量增加。各组之间人体细胞活力无统计学差异。
用ntTiO/ATAB配制的牙科胶粘剂表现出合适的物理和化学性质，包括先前测试的与牙本质可靠的粘结强度。它们即使在老化后也对与龋齿相关的微生物具有抗菌作用，通过矿物质沉积促进生物活性，并且对人体细胞无细胞毒性。这些胶粘剂是一种有前景的策略，有助于降低继发龋的风险，并随着时间的推移保持材料-牙本质界面的性能。
