针对按蚊唾液蛋白的人类抗体：蚊虫叮咬和疟疾暴露的新兴生物标志物

Human antibodies against Anopheles salivary proteins: emerging biomarkers of mosquito and malaria exposure.

作者信息

Kearney Ellen A, Heng-Chin Ashleigh S, O'Flaherty Katherine, Fowkes Freya J I

机构信息

Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The McFarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.

出版信息

Trends Parasitol. 2025 May;41(5):361-373. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2025.03.009. Epub 2025 Apr 16.

DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2025.03.009

PMID:40246632

Abstract

Antibodies developed against Anopheles mosquito salivary proteins injected during biting may serve as proxy biomarkers of Anopheles biting exposure. Anti-salivary biomarkers are being increasingly investigated, with ~60 studies published to date, mostly identifying positive associations with Anopheles human biting rates (HBRs). However, several literature gaps must be addressed to inform the application of anti-salivary biomarkers for serosurveillance of vector exposure and malaria transmission and in vector-control trials. We highlight the need for more studies that collect HBRs and antibody data contemporaneously, investigate novel antigens for non-African Anopheles species, and characterize antibody kinetics to understand how biomarkers can track changes in exposure over time. Together, these directions may improve upon insensitive manual mosquito catch techniques and strengthen malaria surveillance programs.

摘要

针对按蚊叮咬时注入的唾液蛋白产生的抗体，可作为按蚊叮咬暴露的替代生物标志物。目前对唾液抗体生物标志物的研究越来越多，迄今已发表约60项研究，大多发现其与按蚊叮人率（HBRs）呈正相关。然而，要将唾液抗体生物标志物应用于媒介暴露和疟疾传播的血清学监测以及媒介控制试验，还必须填补几个文献空白。我们强调，需要开展更多研究，同时收集叮人率和抗体数据，研究非洲以外按蚊种类的新型抗原，并对抗体动力学进行表征，以了解生物标志物如何随时间追踪暴露变化。综合来看，这些方向可能改进不敏感的人工捕蚊技术，并加强疟疾监测项目。