Xiang Bingzhi, Yang Guoxiang, Cheng Ruifeng, Zhang Zhongjian, Zhu Jielu, Zhou Yong, Liu Fanghua, Song Junwei
School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
Nanchang Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Solid Waste and Environmental Protection, Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, 330098, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 17;15(1):13283. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97227-5.
This study utilized solid waste-copper slag to substitute 30% cement to produce composite cementitious materials. To achieve the desired performance standards, single-doped PPF or CF, and single-doped or double-doped multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/graphene oxide (GO) have been used as reinforcing materials to prepare environmentally friendly copper slag-based cement (CSC) composites. SEM analysis was conducted to investigate and assess the ordered structure of MWCNTs and GO. Subsequently, a solution of MWCNT/GO nanoparticles was generated by dispersing MWCNT/GO with a gum Arabic (AG) surfactant. Following ultrasonic treatment, the clear liquid was collected and combined with 30% solid waste copper slag and 70% cement to form a composite cementitious matrix. The inclusion of carbon nanomaterials enhanced the sample's compressive strength by over 41.6% compared to the control samples. It was equivalent to 97.1% of blank group C0, and the bending strength was about 93.8% of C0 group of the same age. In addition, the hydration products, gelation and crystallization, pore structure and microstructure of CSC materials were analyzed by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption specific surface area and porosity measurement (BET). The CSC sample, with double-doped optimized MWCNT/GO exhibited the most favorable microstructure and strongest nucleation effect. As a result, the hydration degree of the CSC cementitious material was improved, which contributed to the formation of a greater amount of amorphous calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) phase, a finer C-A-S-H phase. The samples doping a combination of MWCNTs and GO exhibited synergistic enhancement. This novel nanocomposite cementitious material incorporated carbon nanoparticles into the mixture with solid waste, resulting in a solid composite cementitious material. The production of reinforced concrete is based on solid waste and demonstrates significant environmental advantages.
本研究利用固体废弃物铜渣替代30%的水泥来制备复合胶凝材料。为达到预期的性能标准，使用单掺杂的聚丙烯纤维（PPF）或碳纤维（CF），以及单掺杂或双掺杂的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）/氧化石墨烯（GO）作为增强材料来制备环保型铜渣基水泥（CSC）复合材料。进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析以研究和评估MWCNTs和GO的有序结构。随后，通过用阿拉伯树胶（AG）表面活性剂分散MWCNT/GO来制备MWCNT/GO纳米颗粒溶液。经过超声处理后，收集澄清液体，并与30%的固体废弃物铜渣和70%的水泥混合，形成复合胶凝基体。与对照样品相比，碳纳米材料的加入使样品的抗压强度提高了41.6%以上。相当于空白组C0的97.1%，抗折强度约为同龄C0组的93.8%。此外，通过定量X射线衍射（QXRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱以及氮吸附比表面积和孔隙率测量（BET）对CSC材料的水化产物、凝胶化和结晶、孔结构及微观结构进行了分析。双掺杂优化MWCNT/GO的CSC样品表现出最有利的微观结构和最强的成核效应。结果，CSC胶凝材料的水化程度得到提高，这有助于形成大量无定形的硅酸钙水化物（C-S-H）相，更细的C-A-S-H相。掺杂MWCNTs和GO组合的样品表现出协同增强作用。这种新型纳米复合胶凝材料将碳纳米颗粒掺入到与固体废弃物的混合物中，从而得到一种固体复合胶凝材料。基于固体废弃物生产钢筋混凝土具有显著的环境优势。
