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艾滋病毒和低欧米伽-3水平可能会加剧有药物使用问题的男性和女性之间的海马体体积差异。

HIV and Low Omega-3 Levels May Heighten Hippocampal Volume Differences Between Men and Women With Substance Use.

作者信息

Lai Hong, Zhuo Jiachen, Treisman Glenn, Gerstenblith Gary, Celentano David D, Yang Yihong, Salmeron Betty Jo, Gu Hong, Leucker Thorsten M, Liang Xiao, Mandler Raul N, Khalsa Jag, Peña-Nogales Óscar, Chen Shaoguang, Lai Shenghan, Rosenthal Elana, Goodkin Karl, Magnotta Vincent A

机构信息

Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

出版信息

Brain Behav Immun Health. 2025 Apr 5;45:100988. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2025.100988. eCollection 2025 May.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Sex differences in hippocampal volumes are well-documented, but their interaction with HIV status and omega-3 fatty acids-particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-remains unclear, especially in underserved populations. This study examines how HIV and omega-3 fatty acids influence sex differences in hippocampal volume and explores whether cognitive performance related to episodic memory modifies the association of omega-3 levels with hippocampal volume, considering both HIV status and sex.

METHODS

We enrolled 166 participants aged over 45 years from a Baltimore, Maryland cohort. Brain MRIs were performed using a 3.0-T Siemens scanner, and volumetric segmentation was conducted with FreeSurfer (version 6.0), adjusting for intracranial volume (ICV).

RESULTS

Our study found that: (1) Among HIV-negative participants, females had significantly lower hippocampal volumes than males in 1 of 26 regions, whereas HIV-positive females had lower volumes in 13 of 26 regions (p < 0.006 for HIV-negative vs. HIV-positive females), (2) In HIV-positive individuals with EPA levels ≤0.40 %, females exhibited lower volumes in 11 of 26 regions, compared to no differences in those with EPA levels >0.40 % (p = 0.0003 for ≤0.40 % vs. >0.40 %), (3) Across all participants, lower EPA and DHA levels were associated with greater sex differences in hippocampal volumes, which diminished or disappeared at higher EPA and DHA levels (p < 0.00001 for EPA ≤0.40 % vs. >0.40 %; p = 0.004 for DHA ≤2.0 % vs. >2.0 %), and (4) Among Adults with lower episodic memory, higher log-scaled EPA levels were independently associated with greater hippocampal volume.

CONCLUSIONS

HIV may amplify sex differences in hippocampal volumes, disproportionately affecting females. Higher EPA and DHA levels may mitigate these effects, suggesting a protective role against hippocampal atrophy. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore whether the benefits extend to males with HIV or individuals without HIV.

摘要

背景

海马体体积存在性别差异已有充分记录,但其与HIV感染状况及ω-3脂肪酸(特别是二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA))之间的相互作用仍不清楚,尤其是在医疗服务不足的人群中。本研究考察了HIV和ω-3脂肪酸如何影响海马体体积的性别差异,并探讨与情景记忆相关的认知表现是否会改变ω-3水平与海马体体积之间的关联,同时考虑HIV感染状况和性别因素。

方法

我们从马里兰州巴尔的摩的一个队列中招募了166名年龄超过45岁的参与者。使用3.0-T西门子扫描仪进行脑部MRI扫描,并使用FreeSurfer(版本6.0)进行体积分割,对颅内体积(ICV)进行校正。

结果

我们的研究发现:(1)在HIV阴性参与者中,女性在26个区域中的1个区域的海马体体积显著低于男性,而HIV阳性女性在26个区域中的13个区域的体积较低(HIV阴性与HIV阳性女性相比,p < 0.006);(2)在EPA水平≤0.40%的HIV阳性个体中,女性在26个区域中的11个区域的体积较低,而EPA水平>0.40%的个体则无差异(≤0.40%与>0.40%相比,p = 0.0003);(3)在所有参与者中,较低的EPA和DHA水平与海马体体积的更大性别差异相关,而在较高的EPA和DHA水平时这种差异减小或消失(EPA≤0.40%与>0.40%相比,p < 0.00001;DHA≤2.0%与>2.0%相比,p = 0.004);(4)在情景记忆较低的成年人中,较高的对数标度EPA水平与更大的海马体体积独立相关。

结论

HIV可能会放大海马体体积的性别差异,对女性的影响尤为明显。较高的EPA和DHA水平可能会减轻这些影响,表明对海马体萎缩具有保护作用。有必要进一步研究以证实这些发现,并探索这些益处是否也适用于感染HIV的男性或未感染HIV的个体。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/040f/12005316/6b200f82b876/gr1.jpg

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