Edinburgh Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Mol Psychiatry. 2022 Sep;27(9):3619-3632. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01619-2. Epub 2022 May 26.
People living with HIV face a high risk of mental illness, especially depression. We do not yet know the precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying HIV-associated depression. Depression severity in the general population has been linked to acute and chronic markers of systemic inflammation. Given the associations between depression and peripheral inflammation, and since HIV infection in the brain elicits a neuroinflammatory response, it is possible that neuroinflammation contributes to the high prevalence of depression amongst people living with HIV. The purpose of this review was to synthesise existing evidence for associations between inflammation, depression, and HIV. While there is strong evidence for independent associations between these three conditions, few preclinical or clinical studies have attempted to characterise their interrelationship, representing a major gap in the literature. This review identifies key areas of debate in the field and offers perspectives for future investigations of the pathophysiology of HIV-associated depression. Reproducing findings across diverse populations will be crucial in obtaining robust and generalisable results to elucidate the precise role of neuroinflammation in this pathophysiology.
HIV 感染者面临着较高的精神疾病风险，尤其是抑郁症。目前我们还不清楚与 HIV 相关的抑郁症的确切神经生物学机制。一般人群中抑郁症的严重程度与全身炎症的急性和慢性标志物有关。鉴于抑郁症与外周炎症之间的关联，以及 HIV 感染在大脑中引发神经炎症反应，神经炎症有可能导致 HIV 感染者中抑郁症的高发病率。本综述的目的是综合现有的关于炎症、抑郁和 HIV 之间关联的证据。虽然有强有力的证据表明这三种情况之间存在独立的关联，但很少有临床前或临床研究试图描述它们之间的相互关系，这是文献中的一个主要空白。本综述确定了该领域的一些关键争议领域，并为未来研究 HIV 相关抑郁症的病理生理学提供了视角。在不同人群中重现研究结果对于获得稳健且可推广的结果以阐明神经炎症在这种病理生理学中的确切作用至关重要。
