多模态磁共振成像融合技术揭示的人类免疫缺陷病毒病的结构和功能脑异常：与认知功能的关联。
Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Revealed by Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fusion: Association With Cognitive Function.
机构信息
Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
出版信息
Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):e2287-e2293. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1415.
BACKGROUND
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive impairment remains a prevalent comorbidity that impacts daily functioning and increases morbidity. While HIV infection is known to cause widespread disruptions in the brain, different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities have not been effectively integrated. In this study, we applied 3-way supervised fusion to investigate how structural and functional coalterations affect cognitive function.
METHODS
Participants (59 people living with HIV and 58 without HIV) completed comprehensive neuropsychological testing and multimodal MRI scanning to acquire high-resolution anatomical, diffusion-weighted, and resting-state functional images. Preprocessed data were reduced using voxel-based morphometry, probabilistic tractography, and regional homogeneity, respectively. We applied multimodal canonical correlation analysis with reference plus joint independent component analysis using global cognitive functioning as the reference.
RESULTS
Compared with controls, participants living with HIV had lower global cognitive functioning. One joint component was both group discriminating and correlated with cognitive function. This component included the following covarying regions: fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum, short and long association fiber tracts, and corticopontine fibers; gray matter volume in the thalamus, prefrontal cortex, precuneus, posterior parietal regions, and occipital lobe; and functional connectivity in frontoparietal and visual processing regions. Component loadings for fractional anisotropy also correlated with immunosuppression.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that coalterations in brain structure and function can distinguish people with and without HIV and may drive cognitive impairment. As MRI becomes more commonplace in HIV care, multimodal fusion may provide neural biomarkers to support diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment.
背景
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）相关的神经认知障碍仍然是一种普遍存在的合并症，影响日常功能并增加发病率。虽然 HIV 感染已知会导致大脑广泛紊乱，但不同的磁共振成像（MRI）方式尚未得到有效整合。在这项研究中，我们应用三向监督融合来研究结构和功能的联合变化如何影响认知功能。
方法
参与者（59 名 HIV 感染者和 58 名非 HIV 感染者）完成了全面的神经心理学测试和多模态 MRI 扫描，以获取高分辨率的解剖、弥散加权和静息状态功能图像。使用基于体素的形态测量学、概率追踪和区域同质性分别对预处理数据进行了简化。我们应用多模态典型相关分析，以整体认知功能为参考，参考加联合独立成分分析。
结果
与对照组相比，HIV 感染者的整体认知功能较低。一个联合成分既是组间区分的，也与认知功能相关。该成分包括以下协变区域：胼胝体的各向异性分数、短和长联合纤维束以及皮质桥束；丘脑、前额叶、楔前叶、后顶叶和枕叶的灰质体积；以及额顶叶和视觉处理区域的功能连接。各向异性分数的成分负荷也与免疫抑制相关。
结论
这些结果表明，大脑结构和功能的联合变化可以区分有和没有 HIV 的人，并且可能导致认知障碍。随着 MRI 在 HIV 护理中的应用越来越普遍，多模态融合可能提供神经生物标志物，以支持认知障碍的诊断和治疗。
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