Nguyen Veronica, Stoute Simone, Ramsubeik Shayne, Miller Ian, Jerry Carmen, Corsiglia Charles, Gallardo Rodrigo A
Turlock Branch, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Turlock, CA 95380.
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616.
Avian Dis. 2025 Apr;68(S1):391-397. doi: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-24-00022.
Infectious coryza (IC) is a poultry respiratory disease caused by the bacterium . IC has major economic impacts in both the layer and broiler industries because this disease can cause increased mortality in affected flocks, an increase in condemnations at the processing plants, and decreased egg production in laying hens. In 2017, an increased number of IC-positive cases was seen in the Turlock Branch of the California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS) Laboratory System. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiologic patterns of IC before, during, and after this outbreak, as the number of positive cases remained elevated from 2017 to the end of 2022. Necropsy cases positive for IC in the CAHFS electronic database were analyzed from January 1, 2016, a year prior to the outbreak, to December 31, 2022. Out of 1935 submissions tested for IC during this period, the 674 cases found to be positive were then categorized by age, poultry type, season, and spatial distribution to investigate risk factors for IC. Raw data trends showed that most of the cases were from backyard poultry flocks (50.5%, 341/674), which appeared to be mainly localized to Los Angeles County and San Joaquin County. Commercial layers made up the second greatest number of cases (31.4%, 212/674) and were mostly localized to Merced County and Stanislaus County. Last, most of the commercial broiler cases (18.0%, 121/674) were in Merced County. Statistical analysis of this raw data was also performed and demonstrated that poultry in commercial egg layer operations located in the Central Valley and southern regions of California were at an increased risk for IC (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.65, = 0.039). Ultimately, this study provides updated information on IC trends in California and the risk factors associated with the outbreak.
传染性鼻炎（IC）是一种由细菌引起的家禽呼吸道疾病。IC对蛋鸡和肉鸡行业都有重大经济影响，因为这种疾病会导致受感染鸡群的死亡率增加、加工厂的不合格率上升以及蛋鸡产蛋量下降。2017年，加利福尼亚动物健康与食品安全（CAHFS）实验室系统的特洛克分所出现的IC阳性病例数量增加。本研究的目的是评估此次疫情爆发之前、期间和之后IC的流行病学模式，因为从2017年到2022年底，阳性病例数量一直居高不下。对CAHFS电子数据库中2016年1月1日（疫情爆发前一年）至2022年12月31日期间IC尸检阳性病例进行了分析。在此期间检测的1935份IC样本中，发现674例呈阳性，然后按年龄、家禽类型、季节和空间分布进行分类，以调查IC的风险因素。原始数据趋势显示，大多数病例来自后院家禽群（50.5%，341/674），主要集中在洛杉矶县和圣华金县。商业蛋鸡病例数位居第二（31.4%，212/674），主要集中在默塞德县和斯坦尼斯劳斯县。最后，大多数商业肉鸡病例（18. .0%，121/674）在默塞德县。对这些原始数据也进行了统计分析，结果表明，位于加利福尼亚中央山谷和南部地区的商业蛋鸡养殖场的家禽感染IC的风险增加（优势比=1.3，95%置信区间：1.01-1.65，P=0.039）。最终，本研究提供了加利福尼亚IC趋势以及与疫情相关的风险因素的最新信息。
