Kim Munsik, Choi Rohbin, Kim Lian, Kim Yeu-Chun, Noh Ilkoo
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
J Control Release. 2025 Jun 10;382:113752. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113752. Epub 2025 Apr 18.
Cell membrane nanoparticles (CNPs) have recently garnered significant attention as effective drug-delivery vehicles. Beyond their simple function of encapsulating cargo within a lipid bilayer structure, the cell membrane is a complex entity derived from biological materials, presenting a variety of surface proteins and glycans. Notable features that enhance their effectiveness as delivery vehicles include the inhibition of protein corona formation in the plasma and the suppression of macrophage phagocytosis, both of which contribute to prolonged blood circulation. Furthermore, CNPs exhibit homotypic targeting effects toward their cells of origin, resulting in reduced side effects, and because they are not xenobiotics, the likelihood of nonspecific immune activation is also minimized. This review focuses on various applications of CNPs in cancer therapeutic studies, examining their structural evolution and surface engineering developments. We introduce studies that leverage the inherent functionality of cell membranes and recent research in functional CNPs synthesized through genetic or chemical engineering methods. Through this review, we aim to trace the progression of CNP research, explore potential directions for their use in biomedical applications, and assess the prospects for clinical trials.
细胞膜纳米颗粒（CNPs）作为有效的药物递送载体，近来备受关注。除了在脂质双层结构中包裹药物的简单功能外，细胞膜是一种源自生物材料的复杂实体，具有多种表面蛋白和聚糖。增强其作为递送载体有效性的显著特征包括抑制血浆中蛋白质冠的形成以及抑制巨噬细胞吞噬作用，这两者都有助于延长血液循环时间。此外，CNPs对其起源细胞表现出同型靶向作用，从而减少副作用，并且由于它们不是外源性物质，非特异性免疫激活的可能性也降至最低。本综述重点关注CNPs在癌症治疗研究中的各种应用，考察其结构演变和表面工程进展。我们介绍了利用细胞膜固有功能的研究以及通过基因或化学工程方法合成的功能性CNPs的最新研究。通过本综述，我们旨在追溯CNP研究的进展，探索其在生物医学应用中的潜在使用方向，并评估临床试验的前景。
