Zhu Kaiqi, Fu Yifei, Zhao Yinfei, Niu Bing, Lu Han
Shanghai University, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Ageing Res Rev. 2025 Jun;108:102756. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2025.102756. Epub 2025 Apr 18.
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a specialized extracellular matrix in the central nervous system. They are widely distributed in the brain, with distribution patterns varying by brain region. Their unique structure and composition allow them to play an important role in a range of physiological and pathological activities. In this article, we review the composition and structure of PNNs across different life stages, and provide a detailed analysis and comparison of the region-specific distribution patterns of PNNs in different brain areas. We also discuss the specific mechanisms by which PNNs are involved in plasticity, memory, and neuroprotection. Furthermore, we describe the abnormal changes in PNNs in aging and various brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, and schizophrenia. Finally, we review emerging and established therapeutic strategies targeting PNNs to modulate brain function and address neurological disorders from three perspectives: gene therapy, nanotechnology, and biomaterials. This review summarizes the physiological roles of PNNs at different stages of life and the mechanisms by which PNNs abnormalities contribute to various brain diseases, providing insights for potential therapeutic approaches.
神经周网（PNNs）是中枢神经系统中的一种特殊细胞外基质。它们广泛分布于大脑中，其分布模式因脑区而异。它们独特的结构和组成使其能够在一系列生理和病理活动中发挥重要作用。在本文中，我们综述了不同生命阶段神经周网的组成和结构，并对其在不同脑区的区域特异性分布模式进行了详细分析和比较。我们还讨论了神经周网参与可塑性、记忆和神经保护的具体机制。此外，我们描述了衰老和各种脑部疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、药物成瘾和精神分裂症）中神经周网的异常变化。最后，我们从基因治疗、纳米技术和生物材料三个角度综述了针对神经周网以调节脑功能和治疗神经疾病的新兴和已确立的治疗策略。本综述总结了神经周网在生命不同阶段的生理作用以及神经周网异常导致各种脑部疾病的机制，为潜在的治疗方法提供了见解。
