Mitsushita Kenta, Murakoshi Shin
College of Global Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.
Faculty of Education, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.
Risk Anal. 2025 Sep;45(9):2580-2596. doi: 10.1111/risa.70036. Epub 2025 Apr 21.
This study investigated how the structure of risk perception differs according to the type determined by perceived hazard properties (cognitive hazard type) by applying three-mode principal component analysis (3MPCA). A total of 295 respondents completed a questionnaire consisting of risk characteristics and risk perception scales for 12 natural, technology, and social activity hazards, differentiated by naturalness and immediacy of effects. Three components were extracted by 3MPCA in scale ("dread," "passive," and "unknown") and three in target hazards ("slow-artificial hazard," "fast-artificial hazard," and "natural hazard"), which were interpreted as three cognitive hazard types. Six components were extracted and interpreted using a core array. Multiple regression analysis of risk perception with individual components revealed that the influence of risk characteristics judgment differed according to cognitive hazard type. "Dread" affected all hazard types, whereas "passive" affected "fast-artificial hazard" and "natural hazard." Furthermore, for "natural hazard," "passive" had negative and positive effects on personal risk assessment and general assessment, respectively. These results suggest the necessity of considering cognitive hazard typification to investigate the structure of risk perception phenomena and the usefulness of applying 3MPCA to the psychometric paradigm.
本研究运用三模态主成分分析（3MPCA），调查了风险认知结构如何根据由感知到的危害属性所确定的类型（认知危害类型）而有所不同。共有295名受访者完成了一份问卷，该问卷包含针对12种自然、技术和社会活动危害的风险特征及风险认知量表，这些危害根据影响的自然性和即时性进行了区分。通过3MPCA在量表中提取了三个成分（“恐惧”“被动”和“未知”），在目标危害中提取了三个成分（“缓慢的人为危害”“快速的人为危害”和“自然危害”），它们被解释为三种认知危害类型。使用核心阵列提取并解释了六个成分。对风险认知与各个成分进行的多元回归分析表明，风险特征判断的影响因认知危害类型而异。“恐惧”影响所有危害类型，而“被动”影响“快速的人为危害”和“自然危害”。此外，对于“自然危害”，“被动”分别对个人风险评估和总体评估产生了负面和正面影响。这些结果表明，在研究风险认知现象的结构时，有必要考虑认知危害类型，并且将3MPCA应用于心理测量范式是有用的。
