Biological characteristics and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients.

BACKGROUND

Our study aimed to investigate the effects of chromosomal aberrations and genetic mutations of elderly individuals diagnosed with AML and determine its prognostic significance.

METHODS

We retrospectively collected data over nearly 7 years from our hospital, encompassing 90 cases of elderly AML patients. Baseline information of patients was gathered and followed up, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0.

RESULTS

Among the 90 elderly non-M3 AML patients, 56 (62.2%) exhibited multiple gene mutations, with 9 (10%) patients displaying five or more gene mutations. The incidence of mutation was significantly higher in patients with normal karyotypes compared to those with abnormal karyotypes (P = 0.001). Patients with , , or mutations displayed lower rates of CR compared to wild-type counterparts. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that mutation (P = 0.0474), mutation (P = 0.0364), mutation (P = 0.0031), and 17p abnormality (P = 0.00285) were predictive of shorter OS. mutations (P = 0.0440), 17p abnormalities (P = 0.0272), 7q abnormalities (P = 0.0174), and complex karyotypes (P = 0.0447) were associated with shorter RFS.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that elderly AML patients exhibit distinctive genetic profiles, and favorable prognosis genes do not seem to apply to elderly AML patients.