Patel André Gustavo, Bortolini Débora Gonçalves, Souza Adelania de Oliveira, Lima Mateus Xavier de, Trevisan Ana Paula, Mymrin Vsevólod, Nagalli André, Passig Fernando Hermes, Carvalho Karina Querne de
Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR) - Civil Engineering Graduate Program, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, Curitiba, Paraná 81.280-340, Brazil.
Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR) - Environmental Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, Curitiba, Paraná 81.280-340, Brazil.
ACS Omega. 2025 Apr 2;10(14):13943-13953. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10124. eCollection 2025 Apr 15.
This study investigated the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation and the presence of macrophytes on the efficiency of two pilot-scale hybrid-constructed wetlands (HCWs) treating urban streamwater contaminated with nontreated sanitary sewage contributions from the surrounding communities. Each HCW comprises a vertical unit (VF) and a horizontal unit (HF) filled with sand and gravel. HCW-P was planted with onto the filtering media, and HCW-C was set up as a control unit with no macrophytes. The novelty of this study consists of evaluating the combination of these factors (HRT and macrophytes) in the operation of HCWs for removing organic matter and nutrients. The operation of the HCWs was divided into step I, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9 days for 133 days, and step II, with an HRT of 5 days for 131 days. Neither HRT variation (p-value = 0.7691) nor the presence of macrophytes (-value = 0.0941) influenced the COD removal, as the HCWs achieved high removal efficiencies (>87%) during the operation. HCW-P achieved higher total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies in steps I and II (56% and 78%) compared to HCW-C (31% and 48%) during the operation, demonstrating the improvement in removing TN due to the presence of macrophytes (p-value ≤ 0.05). In addition, the shorter HRT promoted an increase of 22% in TN removal for HCW-P (p-value ≤ 0.05). The macrophytes and longer HRT enhanced total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal, as HCW-P (46% and 88%) achieved higher removal efficiencies than HCW-C (29% and 72%) in steps I and II, respectively (-value ≤ 0.05). Regarding total phosphorus (TP), HCW-C and HCW-P achieved removal efficiencies of 63% and 89% in step I and 69% and 96% in step II, confirming the influence of HRT and macrophytes on TP removal. Finally, macrophytes demonstrated adaptability and resilience to the operational conditions, even when fixed in HCWs, which presented robustness in removing organic matter and nutrients from the urban streamwater via biofilm assimilation and adsorption under HRT variations.
本研究调查了水力停留时间（HRT）变化以及大型植物的存在对两座中试规模的复合人工湿地（HCW）处理受周边社区未经处理的生活污水污染的城市溪流效率的影响。每个HCW包括一个填充沙子和砾石的垂直单元（VF）和一个水平单元（HF）。HCW-P在过滤介质上种植了大型植物，HCW-C作为没有大型植物的对照单元设置。本研究的新颖之处在于评估这些因素（HRT和大型植物）在HCW运行中对去除有机物和营养物的综合作用。HCW的运行分为两个阶段，第一阶段，水力停留时间（HRT）为9天，持续133天；第二阶段，HRT为5天，持续131天。HRT变化（p值 = 0.7691）和大型植物的存在（p值 = 0.0941）均未影响化学需氧量（COD）的去除，因为HCW在运行期间实现了较高的去除效率（>87%）。在运行期间，与HCW-C（第一阶段和第二阶段分别为31%和48%）相比，HCW-P在第一阶段和第二阶段实现了更高的总氮（TN）去除效率（分别为56%和78%），表明大型植物的存在提高了TN的去除效果（p值≤0.05）。此外，较短的HRT使HCW-P的TN去除率提高了22%（p值≤0.05）。大型植物和较长的HRT提高了总氨氮（TAN）的去除率，因为在第一阶段和第二阶段，HCW-P（分别为46%和88%）的去除效率高于HCW-C（分别为29%和72%）（p值≤0.05）。关于总磷（TP），HCW-C和HCW-P在第一阶段的去除效率分别为63%和89%，在第二阶段分别为69%和96%，证实了HRT和大型植物对TP去除的影响。最后，大型植物表现出对运行条件的适应性和恢复力，即使固定在HCW中，在HRT变化的情况下，HCW通过生物膜同化和吸附对城市溪流中的有机物和营养物的去除也表现出稳健性。
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