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具有λ/33轴向分辨率的无旁瓣确定性三维纳米显微镜技术。

Sidelobe-free deterministic 3D nanoscopy with λ/33 axial resolution.

作者信息

Pan Binxiong, Wang Baoju, Ni Yue, Zhao Qi, Wang Yuqi, Cai Yuyan, Zhan Qiuqiang

机构信息

Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research & Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.

National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.

出版信息

Light Sci Appl. 2025 Apr 21;14(1):168. doi: 10.1038/s41377-025-01833-x.

Abstract

Deterministic three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution microscopy can achieve light-matter interaction in a small volume, but usually with the axial extension distinctly more elongated than the lateral one. The isoSTED method combining two opposing objectives and multiple laser beams can offer high axial extension at λ/12 level, but at the cost of optical system complexity and inherent sidelobes. The high-order nonlinear effect by multiphoton excitation would benefit to achieve a sub-diffraction resolution as well as to suppress the sidelobes. Herein, to achieve an easy-to-use, sidelobe-free deterministic 3D nanoscopy with high axial resolution, we developed a purely physical deterministic strategy (UNEx-4Pi) by fusion of ultrahighly nonlinear excitation (UNEx) of photon avalanching nanoparticles and mirror-based bifocal vector field modulation (4Pi). The theoretical studies of UNEx-4Pi concept showed that the main peak of fluorescence spot became sharper and its large sidelobe height was suppressed with the increasing optical nonlinearity. In addition, the simplicity and robustness of UNEx-4Pi system were demonstrated utilizing a mirror-assisted single-objective bifocal self-interference strategy. Experimentally, UNEx-4Pi realized an extremely constringent focal spot without sidelobes observed, achieving an axial resolution up to λ/33 (26 nm) using one low-power CW beam. We also demonstrated the super-resolution ability of the UNEx-4Pi scheme to bioimaging and nuclear envelope of BSC-1 cells were stained and imaged at an axial resolution of 32 nm. The proposed UNEx-4Pi method will pave the way for achieving light-matter interaction in a highly confined space, thereby advancing cutting-edge technologies like deterministic super-resolution sensing, imaging, lithography, and data storage.

摘要

确定性三维(3D)超分辨率显微镜可以在小体积内实现光与物质的相互作用,但通常轴向延伸明显比横向延伸更长。结合两个相对物镜和多个激光束的等焦受激损耗(isoSTED)方法可以在λ/12水平提供高轴向延伸,但代价是光学系统复杂且存在固有旁瓣。多光子激发产生的高阶非线性效应有助于实现亚衍射分辨率并抑制旁瓣。在此,为了实现一种易于使用、无旁瓣且具有高轴向分辨率的确定性3D纳米显微镜,我们通过融合光子雪崩纳米颗粒的超高非线性激发(UNEx)和基于反射镜的双焦点矢量场调制(4Pi),开发了一种纯物理确定性策略(UNEx - 4Pi)。对UNEx - 4Pi概念的理论研究表明,随着光学非线性的增加,荧光斑点的主峰变得更尖锐,其大旁瓣高度受到抑制。此外,利用反射镜辅助的单物镜双焦点自干涉策略证明了UNEx - 4Pi系统的简单性和稳健性。在实验中,UNEx - 4Pi实现了一个极其收敛且无旁瓣的焦点,使用一束低功率连续波光束实现了高达λ/33(26 nm)的轴向分辨率。我们还展示了UNEx - 4Pi方案对生物成像的超分辨率能力,并以32 nm的轴向分辨率对BSC - 1细胞的核膜进行了染色和成像。所提出的UNEx - 4Pi方法将为在高度受限空间内实现光与物质的相互作用铺平道路,从而推动确定性超分辨率传感、成像、光刻和数据存储等前沿技术的发展。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e62f/12012212/090616d87975/41377_2025_1833_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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