Lamon Simone, Yu Haoyi, Zhang Qiming, Gu Min
School of Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China.
Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China.
Light Sci Appl. 2024 Sep 14;13(1):252. doi: 10.1038/s41377-024-01547-6.
Energy-intensive technologies and high-precision research require energy-efficient techniques and materials. Lens-based optical microscopy technology is useful for low-energy applications in the life sciences and other fields of technology, but standard techniques cannot achieve applications at the nanoscale because of light diffraction. Far-field super-resolution techniques have broken beyond the light diffraction limit, enabling 3D applications down to the molecular scale and striving to reduce energy use. Typically targeted super-resolution techniques have achieved high resolution, but the high light intensity needed to outperform competing optical transitions in nanomaterials may result in photo-damage and high energy consumption. Great efforts have been made in the development of nanomaterials to improve the resolution and efficiency of these techniques toward low-energy super-resolution applications. Lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles that exhibit multiple long-lived excited energy states and emit upconversion luminescence have enabled the development of targeted super-resolution techniques that need low-intensity light. The use of lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles in these techniques for emerging low-energy super-resolution applications will have a significant impact on life sciences and other areas of technology. In this review, we describe the dynamics of lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles for super-resolution under low-intensity light and their use in targeted super-resolution techniques. We highlight low-energy super-resolution applications of lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles, as well as the related research directions and challenges. Our aim is to analyze targeted super-resolution techniques using lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles, emphasizing fundamental mechanisms governing transitions in lanthanide ions to surpass the diffraction limit with low-intensity light, and exploring their implications for low-energy nanoscale applications.
能源密集型技术和高精度研究需要节能技术和材料。基于透镜的光学显微镜技术在生命科学和其他技术领域的低能量应用中很有用，但由于光衍射，标准技术无法实现纳米尺度的应用。远场超分辨率技术突破了光衍射极限，实现了直至分子尺度的三维应用，并致力于降低能源消耗。典型的靶向超分辨率技术已实现高分辨率，但在纳米材料中要超越竞争性光学跃迁所需的高光强度可能会导致光损伤和高能耗。在纳米材料的开发方面已经做出了巨大努力，以提高这些技术在低能量超分辨率应用中的分辨率和效率。具有多个长寿命激发能态并发射上转换发光的镧系离子掺杂上转换纳米粒子，使得开发需要低强度光的靶向超分辨率技术成为可能。在这些新兴的低能量超分辨率应用技术中使用镧系离子掺杂上转换纳米粒子将对生命科学和其他技术领域产生重大影响。在本综述中，我们描述了镧系离子掺杂上转换纳米粒子在低强度光下用于超分辨率的动力学及其在靶向超分辨率技术中的应用。我们重点介绍了镧系离子掺杂上转换纳米粒子的低能量超分辨率应用，以及相关的研究方向和挑战。我们的目的是分析使用镧系离子掺杂上转换纳米粒子的靶向超分辨率技术，强调控制镧系离子跃迁以在低强度光下超越衍射极限的基本机制，并探索它们对低能量纳米尺度应用的意义。
