加纳南部甲状腺功能减退患者的甲状腺功能减退表型、临床特征及与结节性甲状腺疾病相关的因素：一项6年回顾性研究
Hypothyroidism phenotypes, clinical characteristics, and factors associated with nodular thyroid disease in patients with hypothyroidism in Southern Ghana: a 6-year retrospective study.
作者信息
Ametepe Samuel, Nyarko Brian Yaw Entsiey, Wormekpor Isaac, Kantah Bright, Appiah Michael, Kwadzokpui Precious Kwablah, Adejumo Esther Ngozi, Obirikorang Christian, Ibrahim Abigail, Kwarteng Belinda Ampomah, Nyarko Eric Ny, Osei-Yeboah James, Lokpo Sylvester Yao
机构信息
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua, Ghana.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
出版信息
BMC Endocr Disord. 2025 Apr 22;25(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s12902-025-01934-z.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to describe the frequency of hypothyroidism phenotypes, clinical characteristics, and factors associated with nodular thyroid among hypothyroid patients at the University of Ghana Hospital in southern Ghana.
METHODS
This study was a 6-year hospital-based retrospective study that extracted data from 221 patients with hypothyroidism from the archival records of the University of Ghana Hospital using a checklist. These include socio-demography (age, gender, marital status, residential status, educational level), lifestyle variables (anthropometry, smoking status, alcohol intake), and co-morbidities, as well as ultrasound imaging findings of the thyroid. Serum thyroid hormone levels were used to classify hypothyroidism phenotypes. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with nodular thyroid disease.
RESULT
The frequency of primary, subclinical, and secondary hypothyroidism was 81.4%, 16.3%, and 2.3%, respectively. Fatigue [120(54.3%)], heavy menstrual loss [54/160(33.8%)], and cold intolerance [73(33.0%)], were predominant symptoms while 54/57 (94.7%) were overweight/obese, 23/32 (71.9%) had dyslipidaemia whereas 7/34 (20.6%) had hypertension. The odds of developing nodular thyroid disease were 2.11 times higher (95% CI: 1.07-4.17; p = 0.032) in males than in females.
CONCLUSION
Our results provide insight into the frequency of hypothyroidism phenotypes, clinical characteristics, and factors associated with nodular thyroid, emphasizing male gender as an independent predictor of nodular thyroid disease. Our findings also emphasize the need for lifestyle adjustment as a mitigating strategy in the management of hypothyroidism. However, prospective studies are required to confirm the findings or investigate the histological characteristics of thyroid nodules in patients with hypothyroidism.
背景
本研究旨在描述加纳南部加纳大学医院甲状腺功能减退患者中甲状腺功能减退症表型的频率、临床特征以及与甲状腺结节相关的因素。
方法
本研究是一项基于医院的为期6年的回顾性研究，使用清单从加纳大学医院的档案记录中提取了221例甲状腺功能减退患者的数据。这些数据包括社会人口统计学信息（年龄、性别、婚姻状况、居住状况、教育水平）、生活方式变量（人体测量学、吸烟状况、饮酒情况）、合并症以及甲状腺的超声成像结果。血清甲状腺激素水平用于对甲状腺功能减退症表型进行分类。进行了二元和多因素逻辑回归分析，以确定与甲状腺结节疾病相关的因素。
结果
原发性、亚临床性和继发性甲状腺功能减退的频率分别为81.4%、16.3%和2.3%。疲劳[120例（54.3%）]、月经量过多[54/160例（33.8%）]和不耐寒[73例（33.0%）]是主要症状，而54/57例（94.7%）超重/肥胖，23/32例（71.9%）患有血脂异常，7/34例（20.6%）患有高血压。男性患甲状腺结节疾病的几率比女性高2.11倍（95%置信区间：1.07 - 4.17；p = 0.032）。
结论
我们的结果提供了关于甲状腺功能减退症表型的频率、临床特征以及与甲状腺结节相关因素的见解，强调男性是甲状腺结节疾病的独立预测因素。我们的研究结果还强调了生活方式调整作为甲状腺功能减退症管理中的缓解策略的必要性。然而，需要进行前瞻性研究来证实这些发现或调查甲状腺功能减退患者甲状腺结节的组织学特征。
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