Schelp M I, Burress E D
Department of Educational Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
Integr Org Biol. 2025 Apr 7;7(1):obaf013. doi: 10.1093/iob/obaf013. eCollection 2025.
Vertebrate jaws involve trade-offs between the transmission of velocity and force, which underlies their feeding performance and potentially their evolution. We investigate the velocity-force trade-off and its implications for adaptation of the anatomically complex fish jaw system among 89 species of percid fishes (Percidae). We test alternative hypotheses about how the trade-off may symmetrically or asymmetrically constrain jaw diversity. We find that the trade-off has a strong impact on the structural diversity of the jaws, indicating that specialization acts as a constraint on the phenotype. Force-modified jaws are compact with short snouts and a small oral cavity, while velocity-modified jaws are more robust with elongate snouts and a large oral cavity. The distribution of craniofacial diversity along the extremes is asymmetrical, as species with velocity-modified jaws are more phenotypically dissimilar than those with force-modified jaws. The rate of phenotypic evolution is also asymmetrical, as lineages with velocity- and force-modified jaws evolve slower and faster than unspecialized jaws, respectively. This discrepancy between phenotypic diversity and rate of evolution is explained by time to evolve, as force-modified jaws arose comparatively nearer the present. We expand recent literature linking trade-offs to asymmetrical macroevolutionary patterns, which may be an underappreciated cause of the uneven distribution of vertebrate diversity.
脊椎动物的颌骨在速度传递和力量传递之间存在权衡，这是它们进食性能以及潜在进化的基础。我们研究了89种鲈科鱼类（鲈科）中速度与力量的权衡及其对解剖结构复杂的鱼类颌骨系统适应性的影响。我们检验了关于这种权衡如何对称或不对称地限制颌骨多样性的替代假说。我们发现这种权衡对颌骨的结构多样性有强烈影响，表明特化对表型起到了限制作用。力量增强型的颌骨紧凑，吻部短，口腔小，而速度增强型的颌骨更粗壮，吻部长，口腔大。颅面多样性在极端情况下的分布是不对称的，因为速度增强型颌骨的物种在表型上比力量增强型颌骨的物种差异更大。表型进化速率也是不对称的，速度增强型和力量增强型颌骨的谱系分别比非特化颌骨进化得慢和快。表型多样性和进化速率之间的这种差异可以用进化时间来解释，因为力量增强型颌骨出现的时间相对更接近现代。我们扩展了近期将权衡与不对称宏观进化模式联系起来的文献，这可能是脊椎动物多样性分布不均的一个未被充分认识的原因。
