Lu Yabin, Maimaiti Sajidaimu, Qin Zhanke, Cheng Xinke, Li Jianlong, Zhou Chuang, Xiao Ying, Abula Saifuding, Kuang Ling, Mai Zhanhai
College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Department of Agricultural Economics, Kezilesu Vocational and Technical College, Atushi, Xinjiang, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Apr 8;16:1579046. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1579046. eCollection 2025.
Ficus carica L. polysaccharides (FLPs) are groups of biologically active compounds extracted from Ficus carica L.
In this study, we analyzed the structure of FLPs, predicted their immune enhancement pathway, and detected the impact of FLPs on the growth performance, immune function, and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens.
The results showed that FLPs are comprised of monosaccharides including rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, and galactose. Feeding with FLPs significantly promoted the growth performance, slaughtering performance, and immune organs index of chickens compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the FLP-h and FLP-m groups had increased levels of sIgA, IgG, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, and IFN-g; improved immunity and barrier function; and a higher percentage of spleen CD4+ and CD8+ T cell differentiation compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the FLP-h group had increased levels of various SCFAs, and increased beneficial bacteria such as Firmicutes at the phylum level and Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium, and Alistipes at the genus level. The results of network pharmacology and KEGG pathway prediction indicate that FLPs may change the structure and metabolism of intestinal microbiota by enhancing carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, and promote intestinal immune barrier function through the joint action of bisphenol degradation, retinol metabolism, NODlike signaling pathways, toll-like receptor signaling pathways, and the MAPK signaling pathway.
These results suggest that FLP-h supplementation effectively promotes growth performance and enhances the intestinal mucosal immune barrier function in chickens.
无花果多糖（FLPs）是从无花果中提取的具有生物活性的化合物组。
在本研究中，我们分析了FLPs的结构，预测了其免疫增强途径，并检测了FLPs对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道微生物群的影响。
结果表明，FLPs由包括鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖在内的单糖组成。与对照组相比，用FLPs喂养显著提高了鸡的生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫器官指数（p<0.05）。此外，与对照组相比，FLP-h组和FLP-m组的分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、白细胞介素-5（IL-5）、白细胞介素-12（IL-12）和干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）水平升高；免疫和屏障功能得到改善；脾脏中CD4+和CD8+T细胞分化百分比更高（p<0.05）。此外，FLP-h组的各种短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）水平升高，在门水平上有益菌如厚壁菌门增加，在属水平上有益菌如粪杆菌属、布劳特氏菌属、考拉杆菌属和艾利斯菌属增加。网络药理学和KEGG通路预测结果表明，FLPs可能通过增强原核生物中的碳固定途径来改变肠道微生物群的结构和代谢，并通过双酚降解、视黄醇代谢、NOD样信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路的联合作用促进肠道免疫屏障功能。
这些结果表明，补充FLP-h可有效促进鸡的生长性能并增强其肠道黏膜免疫屏障功能。
