Lämsä Pinja-Emilia, Mercier Audrey, Lindén Andreas, Hovi Aarne, Rautiainen Miina
School of Engineering Aalto University Espoo Finland.
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Helsinki Finland.
Ecol Evol. 2025 Apr 21;15(4):e71300. doi: 10.1002/ece3.71300. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Species distributions in forest-dominated landscapes are closely tied to vegetation structure and heterogeneity, which can vary across spatial scales. As Fennoscandian wolverines recolonize their historical range in boreal forests, specific structural features linked to better resources, such as prey availability, cover, and suitable denning habitats, may promote occupancy in these areas. We studied wolverine () occurrence in mainland Finland between 2009-2010 and 2018-2022. We conducted a multi-scale analysis using wildlife and field triangle data and Multi-Source National Forest Inventory (MS-NFI) remote sensing products. We applied generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to assess the influence of forest and landscape variables on the probability of occurrence at two spatial scales: local (3.13 km radius) and landscape (20 km radius). Occupied and unoccupied sites were distinguished by landscape fragmentation, tree volume, tree species composition, and distance to clearcuts. Sites were more likely to become occupied when forests were less fragmented and had broadleaved trees, while the probability of occurrence decreased if the total volume of trees was high or fresh clearcuts were in close proximity. Landscape scale seems to be more relevant than local scale when studying the overall forest structure's impact on wolverine occurrence. Our findings provide new insights into the occurrence of wolverines in Finnish boreal forests and could be used to aid species conservation and forest management planning.
在以森林为主的景观中，物种分布与植被结构和异质性密切相关，而植被结构和异质性会随空间尺度变化。随着北欧地区的狼獾重新在其历史分布范围内的北方森林中定居，与更好的资源相关的特定结构特征，如猎物可获得性、掩护物和适宜的巢穴栖息地，可能会促进狼獾在这些地区的栖息。我们研究了2009 - 2010年至2018 - 2022年期间芬兰大陆狼獾的出现情况。我们使用野生动物和野外三角测量数据以及多源国家森林资源清查（MS - NFI）遥感产品进行了多尺度分析。我们应用广义线性混合模型（GLMMs）来评估森林和景观变量在两个空间尺度上对出现概率的影响：局部尺度（半径3.13千米）和景观尺度（半径20千米）。通过景观破碎化、树木蓄积量、树种组成以及到皆伐区的距离来区分已栖息和未栖息的地点。当森林破碎化程度较低且有阔叶树时，地点更有可能被占据，而如果树木总体蓄积量较高或新的皆伐区距离较近，出现概率则会降低。在研究整体森林结构对狼獾出现情况的影响时，景观尺度似乎比局部尺度更具相关性。我们的研究结果为芬兰北方森林中狼獾的出现情况提供了新的见解，可用于协助物种保护和森林管理规划。
