Hudgins Stacy N, Curtin Adrian, Tracy Joseph, Ayaz Hasan
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Brain Imaging Behav. 2025 Apr 23. doi: 10.1007/s11682-025-01006-9.
Cognitive dysmetria suggests a disorganization of cognitive processes, particularly in relation to the cerebellum's role in coordinating thoughts and actions. This phenomenon has been extensively studied in various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCHZ), bipolar disorder II (BIPOL), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Understanding the relationship between cognitive dysmetria and functional connectivity in these disorders would reveal significant insights into their neurobiological underpinnings. This study explores how distinct and similar functional network connectivity (FNC) patterns between brain regions are associated with clinical symptoms and trait assessments across SCHZ, BIPOL, and ADHD patients by examining both working memory and task-free conditions compared to healthy volunteers (HC). Leveraging an open-source fMRI dataset from the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics, we analyzed FNC patterns across 115 default mode and salience network regions, including cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions of interest in 135 participants (39 HC, 27 SCHZ patients, 38 BIPOL patients, and 31 ADHD patients). Abnormal FNC patterns compared to HC were localized to the cerebellar, thalamic, striatal, hippocampal, medial prefrontal and anterior insular cortices. Post-hoc multiple comparison analysis showed abnormal network connectivity predominantly in SCHZ and ADHD patients during rest, while the task condition demonstrated differential effects across all three disorders. Statistical analysis using a factor-by-covariance approach (GLM MANCOVA) suggested that regional functional connectivity was associated with select symptoms and traits pointing to neural signatures underlying psychiatric conditions. Our study suggests that examining and harnessing dysfunctional relationships in subcortical and cerebellar regions could provide a new perspective on the neurobiological basis of psychoses and help improve available treatment strategies.
认知失调表明认知过程存在紊乱，尤其是与小脑在协调思想和行动中的作用相关。这种现象已在多种精神疾病中得到广泛研究，包括精神分裂症（SCHZ）、双相情感障碍II型（BIPOL）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）。了解这些疾病中认知失调与功能连接之间的关系，将为其神经生物学基础提供重要见解。本研究通过检查工作记忆和无任务状态下的情况，并与健康志愿者（HC）进行比较，探讨了SCHZ、BIPOL和ADHD患者大脑区域之间不同且相似的功能网络连接（FNC）模式如何与临床症状和特质评估相关联。利用加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校神经精神疾病基因组学联盟的开源功能磁共振成像数据集，我们分析了135名参与者（39名HC、27名SCHZ患者、38名BIPOL患者和31名ADHD患者）中115个默认模式和突显网络区域的FNC模式，这些区域包括感兴趣的皮质、皮质下和小脑区域。与HC相比，异常的FNC模式定位于小脑、丘脑、纹状体、海马体、内侧前额叶和前岛叶皮质。事后多重比较分析显示，在休息时，异常的网络连接主要出现在SCHZ和ADHD患者中，而任务状态下在所有三种疾病中显示出不同的影响。使用因子协方差方法（GLM MANCOVA）进行的统计分析表明，区域功能连接与特定症状和特质相关，这些症状和特质指向精神疾病潜在的神经特征。我们的研究表明，检查和利用皮质下和小脑区域的功能失调关系，可为精神病的神经生物学基础提供新的视角，并有助于改进现有的治疗策略。
