Ruiz-Ortega Maricela, González Ethel Caterina García Y, Guevara-Arroyo Aurora Matilde, Chay-Canul Alfonso J, Valencia-Franco Edgar, Pérez-Sato Marcos, Velázquez-Morales José Vicente, Rodríguez-Castillo José Del Carmen, Robles-Robles José Manuel, Vázquez-Diosdado Jorge Alberto, Ponce-Covarrubias José Luis
Escuela Superior de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 3, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Técpan de Galeana 40900, Guerrero, Mexico.
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Vet Sci. 2025 Mar 13;12(3):269. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12030269.
Using an Ekomilk Bond Total Ultrasonic Milk Analyzer, the physicochemical characteristics of milk from 10 herds and 237 samples were analyzed during the rainy season (July and August; 109 samples) and dry season (January and February; 128 samples), providing the following measures: fat (%), non-fat solids (NFSs; %), density (g/mL), freezing point (°C), acidity (%), temperature (°C), lactose (%), conductivity (mS/cm), pH and water (%). In this study, there was a higher percentage of fat (2.975 vs. 5.001%) and a higher density (1033.692 vs. 1035.45 g/mL) in milk during the dry season compared to during the rainy season ( < 0.05). The rest of the milk characteristics were not significantly different relative to the study season ( > 0.05). The variables of fat and temperature of milk presented higher values in the dry season than in the rainy season, whereas the variables of density, freezing point and conductivity presented higher values in the rainy season than in the dry season ( < 0.001). Regarding the variables of NFSs, protein, acidity, lactose, pH and water percentage, the results were similar in the two study seasons ( > 0.05). Finally, density maintained significant positive correlations with the variables of protein, freezing point and lactose ( < 0.05). However, fat showed significant negative correlations with density, freezing point, acidity and conductivity ( < 0.05). In conclusion, the physicochemical characteristics of raw milk from dual-purpose cows per herd are better during the rainy season.
使用一台Ekomilk Bond Total超声波牛奶分析仪，在雨季（7月和8月；109个样本）和旱季（1月和2月；128个样本）对来自10个牛群的237份牛奶样本的理化特性进行了分析，得出以下测量结果：脂肪（%）、非脂固体（NFSs；%）、密度（g/mL）、冰点（℃）、酸度（%）、温度（℃）、乳糖（%）、电导率（mS/cm）、pH值和水分（%）。在本研究中，与雨季相比，旱季牛奶中的脂肪百分比更高（2.975对5.001%）且密度更高（1033.692对1035.45 g/mL）（P<0.05）。其余牛奶特性相对于研究季节没有显著差异（P>0.05）。牛奶的脂肪和温度变量在旱季的值高于雨季，而密度、冰点和电导率变量在雨季的值高于旱季（P<0.001）。关于NFSs、蛋白质、酸度、乳糖、pH值和水分百分比变量，两个研究季节的结果相似（P>0.05）。最后，密度与蛋白质、冰点和乳糖变量保持显著正相关（P<0.05）。然而，脂肪与密度、冰点、酸度和电导率呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。总之，每个牛群的兼用型奶牛的生乳理化特性在雨季更好。
