Ríos-Aguirre Alejandro, Álvarez-Zaragoza Citlalli, Aguirre-Salas Liuba M, Farfán-Covarrubias José Luis, Romero-Velarde Enrique
Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Nutrición Humana. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", División de Pediatría. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2025 Jan 3;63(1):e6414. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14200066.
Preterm birth is common, and it is associated with a high prevalence of growth retardation in the postnatal stage.
To evaluate the growth of preterm infants, their metabolic profile, and their differences according to the type of feeding.
Cross-sectional design in apparently healthy preterm infants. Weight, length, mid-arm circumference, and triceps skin fold were measured and the weight/age, length/age, and weight/length indices were calculated. Serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and IGF-1 were measured. For statistical analysis, children with low weight and length at birth and at the time of evaluation (> -2 SD) were identified; anthropometric indicators and biochemical parameters were compared using Student's t test according to the type of feeding and low weight or length.
Eighty premature infants were included, age 6.5 ± 1.7 months; at birth, 20 infants (25%) had low weight and 27 (33.8%) had low length; at the time of the evaluation, underweight increased to 42.7%. Anthropometric indices were lower in those with low birth weight or length (p < 0.05), with no differences by type of feeding. No differences in biochemical values were identified due to a history of low weight or length.
The frequency of weight and length deficits in this group of premature infants is high. Low weight or length at birth is associated with slower growth recovery and represents a greater risk for the presence of alterations in nutritional status.
早产很常见，并且与出生后生长发育迟缓的高发生率相关。
评估早产儿的生长情况、代谢特征以及根据喂养方式的差异。
对表面健康的早产儿采用横断面设计。测量体重、身长、上臂围和肱三头肌皮褶厚度，并计算体重/年龄、身长/年龄和体重/身长指数。检测血清葡萄糖、胰岛素、胆固醇、甘油三酯和IGF-1的浓度。为进行统计分析，确定出生时及评估时体重和身长较低（>-2标准差）的儿童；根据喂养方式以及低体重或低身长情况，使用学生t检验比较人体测量指标和生化参数。
纳入80名早产儿，年龄6.5±1.7个月；出生时，20名婴儿（25%）体重低，27名（33.8%）身长低；评估时，体重不足增加到42.7%。出生体重或身长低的儿童人体测量指数较低（p<0.05），不同喂养方式之间无差异。未发现因低体重或低身长史导致的生化值差异。
这组早产儿体重和身长不足的发生率很高。出生时低体重或低身长与生长恢复较慢相关，并且提示营养状况改变的风险更大。
