Enawgaw Anley Shiferaw, Belay Debas, Nigate Alehegn, Yeshiwas Almaw Genet, Shumet Tesfaye, Endalew Bekalu, Bishaw Keralem Anteneh
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, Bichena Primary Hospital, Bichena, Amhara, Ethiopia.
Front Pediatr. 2025 Apr 9;13:1529089. doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1529089. eCollection 2025.
Despite progress in reducing neonatal mortality rates in Ethiopia, the country still has a high neonatal mortality rate compared with the global average. Primary hospitals are critical in delivering basic neonatal care, particularly in rural areas. However, data on neonatal mortality and contributing factors in these settings are scarce. This study aimed to determine the survival status and predictors of neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to Bichena Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 638 neonates admitted to the Bichena Primary Hospital neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2021, to April 30, 2023. Neonates were selected via a consecutive sampling method. Data were collected from medical records using a pretested checklist. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate the neonatal survival time, and a Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify independent predictors of neonatal mortality.
Of the 638 neonates followed, 21.5% died during the study period. The overall incidence rate of death was 66.69 per 1,000 neonate days. Hypothermia, birth injury, perinatal asphyxia, preterm birth, maternal history of abortion, low birth weight, and neonatal hypoglycemia were independent predictors of neonatal mortality.
The study found a high rate of neonatal mortality, exceeding rates reported in other regions of Ethiopia. Most predictors were preventable and treatable. Therefore, early identification of obstetric complications, immediate interventions and postnatal care are crucial to reduce neonatal mortality and enhance overall neonatal outcomes.
尽管埃塞俄比亚在降低新生儿死亡率方面取得了进展，但与全球平均水平相比，该国的新生儿死亡率仍然很高。基层医院在提供基本的新生儿护理方面至关重要，尤其是在农村地区。然而，关于这些地区新生儿死亡率及其影响因素的数据却很匮乏。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西北部比切纳基层医院收治的新生儿的生存状况及新生儿死亡的预测因素。
对2021年1月1日至2023年4月30日期间入住比切纳基层医院新生儿重症监护病房的638名新生儿进行了一项回顾性队列研究。采用连续抽样方法选取新生儿。使用预先测试的检查表从医疗记录中收集数据。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线估计新生儿生存时间，并使用Cox比例风险回归模型确定新生儿死亡的独立预测因素。
在随访的638名新生儿中，21.5%在研究期间死亡。总体死亡率为每1000个新生儿日66.69例。体温过低、出生损伤、围产期窒息、早产、母亲流产史、低出生体重和新生儿低血糖是新生儿死亡的独立预测因素。
该研究发现新生儿死亡率很高，超过了埃塞俄比亚其他地区报告的死亡率。大多数预测因素是可预防和可治疗的。因此，早期识别产科并发症、立即干预和产后护理对于降低新生儿死亡率和改善整体新生儿结局至关重要。
