Kipchumba Kevin Kiprotich, Rintaugu Elijah, Mwangi Francis, Gathoni Benson
Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Recreation and Sports Management, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
PLoS One. 2025 Apr 24;20(4):e0321383. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321383. eCollection 2025.
Changing athletes' attitudes towards doping has been shown as crucial in prevention efforts in combating doping in sports, with dispositional goal orientation and perceptions of coach motivational climate identified as factors shaping doping attitudes among athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between dispositional goal orientation and motivational climate on attitudes towards doping among Kenyan Endurance runners. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 323 Kenyan runners with 215 males (66.6%) and 108 females (33.3%). The study assessed athletes' goal orientation through the Task and Ego Goal Orientation Sport Questionnaire, perceptions of coach motivational climate through Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire, and attitudes towards doping through Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis H tests was used for data analysis. The study found significant inverse relationships between mastery climate and doping attitudes (rho = -.242; p <.001), as well as between task orientation and doping attitudes (rho = -.158; p <.004). Conversely, performance climate (rho =.362; p <.001) and ego orientation (rho =.362; p <.001) showed significant positive relationships with doping attitudes. There were no significant differences in doping attitudes based on age (U = 11582.500, p <.191), gender (U = 11437.500, p <.827) and athlete's length of experience (χ2 (2) = 1.359, p <.507). The study concludes that fostering mastery-oriented coach motivational climate and promoting task-oriented goal orientation could effectively cultivate anti-doping attitudes among athletes and enhance clean sport.
事实证明，改变运动员对使用兴奋剂的态度对于打击体育界使用兴奋剂的预防工作至关重要，性格目标取向和对教练激励氛围的认知被确定为塑造运动员使用兴奋剂态度的因素。本研究的目的是检验肯尼亚耐力跑运动员的性格目标取向和激励氛围与对使用兴奋剂态度之间的关系。采用横断面调查设计，从323名肯尼亚跑步运动员中收集数据，其中男性215名（66.6%），女性108名（33.3%）。该研究通过任务和自我目标取向运动问卷评估运动员的目标取向，通过运动中感知激励氛围问卷评估对教练激励氛围的认知，通过成绩提高态度量表评估对使用兴奋剂的态度。数据分析采用描述性统计、相关分析、曼-惠特尼U检验和克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯H检验。研究发现，掌握氛围与使用兴奋剂态度之间存在显著的负相关关系（rho = -.242；p <.001），任务取向与使用兴奋剂态度之间也存在显著的负相关关系（rho = -.158；p <.004）。相反，成绩氛围（rho =.362；p <.001）和自我取向（rho =.362；p <.001）与使用兴奋剂态度之间存在显著的正相关关系。基于年龄（U = 11582.500，p <.191）、性别（U = 11437.500，p <.827）和运动员的经验长度（χ2(2) = 1.359，p <.507），在使用兴奋剂态度方面没有显著差异。该研究得出结论，营造以掌握为导向的教练激励氛围和促进以任务为导向的目标取向可以有效地培养运动员的反兴奋剂态度，并促进干净的体育运动。
