Huang Xiao-Bin, Tang Tian, Chen Jin-Jin, Zhang Yuan-Yuan, Lv Chen-Long, Xu Qiang, Wang Guo-Lin, Zhu Ying, Wei Yue-Hong, Hay Simon I, Fang Li-Qun, Liu Wei
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
EBioMedicine. 2025 May;115:105722. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105722. Epub 2025 Apr 23.
The family Anaplasmataceae, reclassified under the order Rickettsiales, represents a highly complex group that poses an increasing global threat. However, their infection risk remains poorly understood. We aimed to map the diversity, distribution, and potential infection risk of Anaplasmataceae members.
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, bioRvix, and MedRvix for published articles to extract data on the detection of Anaplasmatacea species in vectors, animals, and humans from 1910 to 2022. We mapped the richness and global distribution of identified Anaplasmatacea species. Machine learning algorithms were applied to determine the ecological and vector-related factors contributing to the occurrence of major Anaplasmatacea members and project their potential risk distributions.
A total of 2605 studies meeting our inclusion criteria were used for data extraction. We identified 85 species of Anaplasmataceae family from 134 tick species, 312 wild animals, and 12 domestic animals. Anaplasma phagocytophilum had the widest range of vectors (97 species), followed by Anaplasma marginale (54 species), Anaplasma bovis (46 species), Anaplasma ovis (37 species), and Anaplasma platys (35 species). Aanaplasmaphagocytophilum was also detected in the widest range of wildlife (208 species), followed by Ehrlichia chaffeensis (46 species), Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis (36 species), Ehrlichia canis (35 species), and A. bovis (32 species). In total, 52,315 human cases involving 15 Anaplasmataceae species were recorded, A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis accounted for majority of human infections (66·5% and 32·4%, respectively). According to our modelling analysis, the geographic distribution of six major Anaplasmatacea species is primarily influenced by the projected habitat suitability index of tick vectors and climatic conditions. Among these, A. phagocytophilum presents the highest risk, with an estimated 3·97 billion individuals and 8·95 million km area potentially affected.
The widespread distribution of Anaplasmataceae species emphasizes the need to enhance identification, surveillance, and diagnosis efforts in high-risk areas, particularly within low-income regions.
The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2605603) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (82330103).
无形体科重新分类归入立克次氏体目，是一个高度复杂的群体，对全球构成日益严重的威胁。然而，人们对其感染风险仍知之甚少。我们旨在绘制无形体科成员的多样性、分布及潜在感染风险图。
我们在PubMed、科学网、bioRvix和MedRvix上搜索已发表的文章，以提取1910年至2022年期间在媒介、动物和人类中检测到无形体科物种的数据。我们绘制了已鉴定无形体科物种的丰富度和全球分布图。应用机器学习算法来确定导致主要无形体科成员出现的生态和媒介相关因素，并预测它们的潜在风险分布。
共有2605项符合我们纳入标准的研究用于数据提取。我们从134种蜱虫、312种野生动物和12种家畜中鉴定出85种无形体科物种。嗜吞噬细胞无形体的媒介种类最多（97种），其次是边缘无形体（54种）、牛无形体（46种）、绵羊无形体（37种）和血小板无形体（35种）。嗜吞噬细胞无形体在野生动物中的检测范围也最广（208种），其次是查菲埃立克体（46种）、新立克次氏体（36种）、犬埃立克体（35种）和牛无形体（32种）。总共记录了涉及15种无形体科物种的52315例人类病例，嗜吞噬细胞无形体和查菲埃立克体占人类感染的大多数（分别为66.5%和32.4%）。根据我们的模型分析，六种主要无形体科物种的地理分布主要受蜱虫媒介的预测栖息地适宜性指数和气候条件的影响。其中，嗜吞噬细胞无形体的风险最高，估计有39.7亿人和895万平方公里的区域可能受到影响。
无形体科物种的广泛分布强调了在高风险地区，特别是低收入地区加强识别、监测和诊断工作的必要性。
中国国家重点研发计划（2023YFC2605603）和中国国家自然科学基金（82330103）。
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