Ranjdoost Seyed Mohammad, Owrang Mina
Department of medical Laboratory sciences, Faculty of medicine, Sari branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.
Biological lab Expert, Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring and Supervision Center East Mazandaran Water and Wastewater Company, Sari, Iran.
New Microbes New Infect. 2025 Apr 3;65:101584. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101584. eCollection 2025 Jun.
poses a significant health risk in hospital water systems. This study assessed the risk associated with contamination in a hospital drinking water system in Sari, Iran, over one year.
Water samples were collected seasonally from various hospital taps, including patient room showers and toilet faucets. Both cold and warm water sources were analyzed. Water quality parameters, including pH, chlorine levels, and temperature, were measured. spp. were isolated and enumerated using standard microbiological techniques, and species identification was confirmed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) model was employed to estimate the infection risk from shower and faucet use.
counts were significantly higher in warm water samples and during the summer season. A positive correlation was observed between counts and water pH, whereas negative correlations were found with chlorine levels and water temperature. QMRA results indicated that the estimated annual infection risk exceeded the acceptable limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), particularly during summer.
The findings suggest that existing water management practices may be inadequate for controlling growth and transmission. Seasonal variations significantly impact infection risk, emphasizing the need for improved monitoring and control strategies. However, limitations related to sampling methodology, geographic specificity, and dose-response modeling should be considered when interpreting the results.
在医院供水系统中构成重大健康风险。本研究评估了伊朗萨里一家医院饮用水系统一年内与污染相关的风险。
季节性地从医院的各个水龙头采集水样，包括病房淋浴喷头和卫生间水龙头。对冷水和热水源均进行了分析。测量了水质参数，包括pH值、氯含量和温度。使用标准微生物技术分离并计数 菌属，通过16S rRNA基因测序确认菌种鉴定。采用定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）模型来估计使用淋浴喷头和水龙头导致的感染风险。
热水样本和夏季的 菌属计数显著更高。观察到 菌属计数与水的pH值呈正相关，而与氯含量和水温呈负相关。QMRA结果表明，估计的年度感染风险超过了世界卫生组织（WHO）和美国环境保护局（USEPA）设定的可接受限值，尤其是在夏季。
研究结果表明，现有的水管理措施可能不足以控制 的生长和传播。季节变化对感染风险有显著影响，这凸显了改进监测和控制策略的必要性。然而，在解释结果时应考虑与采样方法、地理特异性和剂量反应模型相关的局限性。
