Krause Neto Walter, Krause Thaís Lima Vieira, Gama Eliane Florencio
Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Military Fire Brigade Group of the Federal District, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
Front Physiol. 2025 Apr 10;16:1542334. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1542334. eCollection 2025.
This systematic review aims to examine and synthesize the existing literature regarding gluteus maximus (GMax) hypertrophy as a result of dynamic exercises that incorporate hip extension with external resistance. A comprehensive search was undertaken across the following databases: PubMed/Medline, SportDiscuss, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Twelve articles met the established inclusion criteria, leading to the subsequent key findings: 1) resistance training exhibits a moderate effect on GMax hypertrophy (11 studies, SMD 0.71, 95% CI [0.50, 0.91], p < 0.00001, I = 22%); 2) subgroup analyses of single (seven studies, SMD 0.74, 95% CI [0.36, 1.13], p = 0.0001, I = 52%) and combined (six studies, SMD 0.68, 95% CI [0.44, 0.92], p < 0.00001, I = 0%) training protocols have demonstrated moderate effects; 3) when emphasizing GMax hypertrophy at the expense of other muscle groups, single exercises, such as the barbell hip thrust, should be prioritized; 4) back squats performed in parallel or full range of motion significantly enhance GMax hypertrophy; 5) leg press machines and kneeling hip extensions can also facilitate increased GMax hypertrophy; 6) training programs that incorporate combined hip extension exercises, whether single-joint or multi-joint, significantly promote an increase in GMax hypertrophy. This study concludes that a variety of exercises-whether focused on a specific joint (single-joint) or encompassing multiple joints (multi-joint)-can effectively stimulate GMax hypertrophy, whether executed individually or in combination.
本系统评价旨在研究和综合现有关于因结合髋关节伸展与外部阻力的动态运动而导致臀大肌（GMax）肥大的文献。在以下数据库中进行了全面检索：PubMed/Medline、SportDiscuss、Scopus、Web of Science、CINAHL、Science Direct、谷歌学术和ResearchGate。12篇文章符合既定的纳入标准，得出了以下关键发现：1）阻力训练对GMax肥大有中等程度的影响（11项研究，标准化均数差[SMD]为0.71，95%可信区间[0.50, 0.91]，p < 0.00001，I² = 22%）；2）单一训练方案（7项研究，SMD为0.74，95%可信区间[0.36, 1.13]，p = 0.0001，I² = 52%）和联合训练方案（6项研究，SMD为0.68，95%可信区间[0.44, 0.92]，p < 0.00001，I² = 0%）的亚组分析均显示有中等程度的影响；3）当以牺牲其他肌肉群为代价强调GMax肥大时，应优先选择单一练习，如杠铃臀桥；4）平行或全范围运动的后深蹲可显著增强GMax肥大；5）腿举机和跪姿髋关节伸展也可促进GMax肥大增加；6）纳入联合髋关节伸展练习的训练方案，无论是单关节还是多关节的，都能显著促进GMax肥大增加。本研究得出结论，各种练习——无论是针对特定关节（单关节）还是涉及多个关节（多关节）——无论单独执行还是组合执行，都能有效刺激GMax肥大。
