Jameekornkul Pongpol, Numsriskulrat Nattakarn, Aroonyaparkmongkol Suparb, Soongswang Kulthida, Supornsilchai Vichit
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Pediatr Int. 2025 Jan-Dec;67(1):e70054. doi: 10.1111/ped.70054.
Bisphenol exposure during pregnancy has been linked to a range of adverse reproductive outcomes. However, the full extent of the effects of bisphenol analogs, particularly bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF), on fetal development, especially anogenital distance (AGD), a sensitive marker of reproductive development, remains unclear. We conducted this research to investigate association among maternal and neonatal urinary bisphenol analogs (BPA, BPS, BPF) and AGD.
This prospective cohort study enrolled 85 mother-newborn pairs in Bangkok, Thailand, from April 2023 to January 2024. Maternal and neonatal urine samples were collected and analyzed for BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Neonatal AGD measurements were obtained within 72 h of birth. Correlation was analyzed by Pearson's correlation test and linear regression analysis.
High maternal urinary BPF concentrations were negatively associated with ano-penile distance, ano-scrotal distance, and penile length in male newborns (r -0.963, -0.844 and - 0.900, respectively, p < 0.05). No significant associations were found for BPA or BPS. Frequent maternal consumption of carton drinks was associated with higher neonatal BPS levels, while maternal obesity was positively correlated with maternal BPA concentration. No significant correlation was observed between maternal and neonatal bisphenol concentrations, nor between neonatal bisphenol levels and AGD.
This study is the first to report a negative association between maternal BPF exposure and AGD in male newborns. These findings highlight the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of BPF on fetal development and emphasize the need for further research.
孕期双酚暴露与一系列不良生殖结局有关。然而，双酚类似物，尤其是双酚A（BPA）、双酚S（BPS）和双酚F（BPF）对胎儿发育的全面影响，特别是对生殖发育的敏感标志物肛门生殖器距离（AGD）的影响仍不清楚。我们开展这项研究以调查母体和新生儿尿液中的双酚类似物（BPA、BPS、BPF）与AGD之间的关联。
这项前瞻性队列研究于2023年4月至2024年1月在泰国曼谷招募了85对母婴。收集母体和新生儿的尿液样本，采用液相色谱 - 串联质谱法分析其中BPA、BPF和BPS的浓度。在出生后72小时内测量新生儿的AGD。通过Pearson相关检验和线性回归分析进行相关性分析。
母体尿液中高浓度的BPF与男性新生儿的肛门 - 阴茎距离、肛门 - 阴囊距离和阴茎长度呈负相关（r分别为 -0.963、-0.844和 -0.900，p < 0.05）。未发现BPA或BPS有显著关联。母亲经常饮用纸盒装饮料与新生儿较高的BPS水平有关，而母亲肥胖与母体BPA浓度呈正相关。未观察到母体和新生儿双酚浓度之间、新生儿双酚水平与AGD之间有显著相关性。
本研究首次报告了母体BPF暴露与男性新生儿AGD之间的负相关。这些发现凸显了BPF对胎儿发育潜在的内分泌干扰作用，并强调了进一步研究的必要性。
