Kapadnis Pratik S, Kim Kangsanin, Nam Kisun, Kim Yongseon, Park Hyung-Ho, Hwang Haejin
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
Gels. 2025 Apr 21;11(4):304. doi: 10.3390/gels11040304.
All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs) are attractive energy storage devices because of their excellent gravimetric and volumetric capacity and ability to supply high power rates. Porous silicon (Si) is a promising material for an anode in lithium-ion batteries due to its high capacity and low discharge potential. However, Si anodes cause significant problems due to strong volume growth during the lithiation and delithiation processes, which results in rapid capacity fading and poor cycle stability. To overcome this problem, we developed mesoporous silica (SiO) aerogels into porous silicon (Si) anodes using a magnesiothermic reduction (MTR) process. By effectively preserving the porous structure, this approach enables the material to endure volume fluctuations while maintaining its structural integrity during cycling. In our study, we demonstrated a feasible approach to fabricate the porous silicon (Si) from hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica (SiO) aerogel and magnesium powder (Mg) through the MTR process at 600900 °C. The sample obtained after the reduction process was treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove byproducts. As prepared, Si was characterized using various techniques, including XRD, XRF, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, and BET, which confirmed the successful production, chemical purity, and structural retention of Si. Furthermore, the coin cell was fabricated using Si as an anode, and the electrochemical performance was analyzed. The charge/discharge cycling tests at 1 C and 0.022 V (vs. the Li condition) revealed the effects of silicon content, wettability, and interfacial compatibility on electrode performance. Conversely, for better understanding, a long-term cycling test was conducted at 1 C rate, 0-1.5 V (vs. Li) to evaluate capacity retention. Our findings highlight the potential application of silicon (Si) aerogels produced from silica (SiO) aerogels by magnesiothermic reduction to improve lithium-ion battery performance.
全固态锂离子电池（ASSLBs）因其出色的重量和体积容量以及提供高功率率的能力而成为有吸引力的储能设备。多孔硅（Si）由于其高容量和低放电电位，是锂离子电池阳极的一种有前途的材料。然而，由于在锂化和脱锂过程中体积强烈增长，硅阳极会导致严重问题，这会导致容量迅速衰减和循环稳定性差。为了克服这个问题，我们使用镁热还原（MTR）工艺将介孔二氧化硅（SiO）气凝胶开发成多孔硅（Si）阳极。通过有效保留多孔结构，这种方法使材料能够承受体积波动，同时在循环过程中保持其结构完整性。在我们的研究中，我们展示了一种在600900°C通过MTR工艺由疏水和亲水二氧化硅（SiO）气凝胶和镁粉（Mg）制备多孔硅（Si）的可行方法。还原过程后获得的样品用盐酸（HCl）处理以去除副产物。制备的Si使用包括XRD、XRF、FT-IR、XPS、SEM和BET在内的各种技术进行表征，这证实了Si的成功制备、化学纯度和结构保留。此外，使用Si作为阳极制造硬币电池，并分析其电化学性能。在1 C和0.022 V（相对于Li条件）下的充/放电循环测试揭示了硅含量、润湿性和界面兼容性对电极性能的影响。相反，为了更好地理解，在1 C速率、0-1.5 V（相对于Li）下进行了长期循环测试以评估容量保持率。我们的研究结果突出了通过镁热还原由二氧化硅（SiO）气凝胶制备的硅（Si）气凝胶在改善锂离子电池性能方面的潜在应用。
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