Klimonda Aleksandra, Kowalska Izabela
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże S. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
Membranes (Basel). 2025 Apr 14;15(4):125. doi: 10.3390/membranes15040125.
Integrated systems for water recovery from laundry wastewater were investigated to close the water cycle loop. The grey water from the washing cycle of cotton fabrics with a softening detergent was prefiltered, purified in a low-pressure membrane process, and further purified in a high-pressure membrane process or alternatively in an adsorption process. In all of the proposed systems, the recovered water was clarified and completely free of cationic surfactants. The system based on nanofiltration as the final stage of purification allows soft water, which promotes better cleaning results, reduces the consumption of detergents, and extends the lifetime of the devices involved. Adsorption on activated carbon effectively reduced the concentration of organic compounds, including fragrance compounds.
为了闭合水循环回路，对从洗衣废水中回收水的集成系统进行了研究。用软化洗涤剂洗涤棉织物的洗涤循环产生的中水经过预过滤，通过低压膜工艺进行净化，然后通过高压膜工艺或吸附工艺进一步净化。在所有提出的系统中，回收的水都经过了澄清处理，并且完全不含阳离子表面活性剂。以纳滤作为净化最后阶段的系统可产生软水，这有助于提高清洁效果、减少洗涤剂消耗并延长相关设备的使用寿命。在活性炭上进行吸附可有效降低有机化合物（包括香料化合物）的浓度。
