Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
Chemosphere. 2023 Nov;341:140082. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140082. Epub 2023 Sep 7.
Surfactant, an emerging pollutant present in greywater, raises the toxicity levels in the water body. Soap, detergent, and personal care items add surfactant to greywater. Due to excessive washing and cleaning procedures brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, the release of surfactants in greywater has also increased. Considering the environmental toxicity and problems it creates during the treatment, it's essential to remove surfactants from the wastewater. This review intends to explain and address the environmental toxicity of the surfactant released via greywater and current techniques for surfactant removal from wastewater. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods are reported. Modern adsorbents such as hydrophilic silica nanoparticles, chitosan, fly ash, and iron oxide remove surfactants by adsorption. Membrane filtration effectively removes surfactants but is not cost-effective. Coagulants (chemical and natural coagulants) neutralize surfactant charges and help remove them as bigger particles. Electrocoagulation/electroflotation causes surfactants to coagulate and float. Microorganisms break down surfactants in microbial fuel cells to generate power. Surfactants are removed by natural processes and plants in constructed wetlands where traditional aerobic and anaerobic approaches use microbes to break down surfactants. Constructed wetlands, natural coagulation-flocculation, and microbial fuel cells are environmentally beneficial methods to remove surfactants from wastewater.
表面活性剂是灰水中的一种新兴污染物，会提高水体的毒性。肥皂、洗涤剂和个人护理用品会向灰水中添加表面活性剂。由于 COVID-19 大流行带来的过度洗涤和清洁程序，灰水中表面活性剂的释放也有所增加。考虑到其对环境的毒性以及在处理过程中造成的问题，从废水中去除表面活性剂至关重要。本综述旨在解释和解决通过灰水释放的表面活性剂的环境毒性以及当前从废水中去除表面活性剂的技术。报告了各种物理、化学和生物方法。亲水二氧化硅纳米颗粒、壳聚糖、粉煤灰和氧化铁等现代吸附剂通过吸附去除表面活性剂。膜过滤可以有效地去除表面活性剂，但成本效益不高。混凝剂（化学和天然混凝剂）中和表面活性剂的电荷，有助于将其作为较大的颗粒去除。电絮凝/浮选导致表面活性剂凝结和漂浮。微生物在微生物燃料电池中分解表面活性剂以产生能量。在人工湿地中，表面活性剂通过自然过程和植物去除，传统的需氧和厌氧方法利用微生物来分解表面活性剂。人工湿地、自然混凝-絮凝和微生物燃料电池是从废水中去除表面活性剂的环保方法。
