Rajivgandhi Perumal, Thirumal Vediyappan, Sekar Alagan, Kim Jinho
Department of Chemistry, Nehru Memorial College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Puthanampatti, Trichy 621 007, India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Republic of Korea.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Apr 10;15(8):575. doi: 10.3390/nano15080575.
This study successfully demonstrates the synthesis of foxtail millet carbon-activated (FMCA) materials using a two-step carbonization process from foxtail millet husk (FMH). The pre-carbonized biomass-derived millet husk was chemically activated with KOH at 500 °C and subsequently carbonized in an inert argon atmosphere at 800 °C in a tubular furnace. XRD analysis revealed a diffraction peak at 2θ = 23.67°, corresponding to the (002) plane, indicating the presence of graphitic structures. The Raman analysis of FMCA materials showed an intensity ratio (I/I) of 1.13, signifying enhanced graphitic ordering and structural stability. The as-prepared FMC and FMCA electrode materials demonstrate efficient charge storage electrochemical symmetric devices. Electrochemical analysis revealed the charge-discharge curves and a specific capacitance of Csp (FMC//FMC) 55.47 F/g and (FMCA//FMCA) 82.94 F/g at 0.5 A/g. Additionally, the FMCA//FMCA symmetric device exhibits superior performance with a higher capacity retention of 94.89% over 5000 cycles. The results confirm the suitability of FMCA for energy storage applications, particularly in electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), making it a promising material for next-generation supercapacitors.
本研究成功展示了采用两步碳化工艺从谷子壳（FMH）合成谷子碳活化（FMCA）材料。将预碳化的生物质衍生谷子壳在500℃下用KOH进行化学活化，随后在管式炉中于800℃的惰性氩气氛中进行碳化。XRD分析显示在2θ = 23.67°处有一个衍射峰，对应于（002）平面，表明存在石墨结构。FMCA材料的拉曼分析显示强度比（I/I）为1.13，表明石墨有序性增强和结构稳定性提高。所制备的FMC和FMCA电极材料展示了高效电荷存储的电化学对称器件。电化学分析揭示了充放电曲线以及在0.5 A/g时Csp（FMC//FMC）为55.47 F/g和（FMCA//FMCA）为82.94 F/g的比电容。此外，FMCA//FMCA对称器件表现出优异性能，在5000次循环中具有94.89%的更高容量保持率。结果证实了FMCA适用于储能应用，特别是在电化学双层电容器（EDLC）中，使其成为下一代超级电容器的有前景的材料。
