Molahalli Vandana, Bhat Vinay S, Sharma Aman, Soman Gowri, Hegde Gurumurthy
Department of Physics, B. M. S. College of Engineering Bengaluru 560019 India.
Centre for Nano-Materials & Displays, B. M. S. College of Engineering Bengaluru 560019 India
RSC Adv. 2025 May 1;15(18):14183-14193. doi: 10.1039/d5ra02129d. eCollection 2025 Apr 28.
This study explores the sustainable production of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes from waste mango kernels, addressing the growing need for eco-friendly energy storage solutions. Porous carbon materials were synthesized pyrolysis at varying temperatures (700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C), designated as MK7, MK8, MK9, and MK10, respectively. The synthesized carbon was obtained a simple and eco-friendly carbonization, yielding a highly porous structure with a large specific surface area of 1348.9 m g, for MK9 material as confirmed by BET analysis. Raman spectroscopy revealed a high degree of graphitization with D and G bands, indicating the presence of both disordered and graphitic carbon domains. SEM imaging showed a well-developed, interconnected porous morphology, while XRD patterns confirmed the amorphous nature with partially crystalline domains. The resulting carbon materials were evaluated for their electrochemical performance in supercapacitor applications. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the MK9 sample, pyrolyzed at 900 °C, exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 205.8 F g, surpassing the performance of the other samples. To optimize device performance, symmetric supercapacitors were fabricated using a CR2032 coin cell configuration with different electrolytes and concentrations. The KOH electrolyte device demonstrated a maximum power density of 5137.86 W kg, an energy density of 12.32 W h kg, and a specific capacitance of 112.4 F g. Furthermore, this device exhibited excellent cycling stability, maintaining its performance over 100 000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles. A practical demonstration showed the ability of the device to power a red LED for approximately 15 minutes. These results highlight the potential of utilizing waste biomass, specifically mango kernels, for sustainable and efficient supercapacitor development.
本研究探索了利用废弃芒果核可持续生产高性能超级电容器电极，以满足对环保储能解决方案日益增长的需求。通过在不同温度（700、800、900和1000℃）下热解合成了多孔碳材料，分别命名为MK7、MK8、MK9和MK10。合成的碳通过简单且环保的碳化获得，BET分析证实，MK9材料具有高度多孔结构，比表面积高达1348.9 m²/g。拉曼光谱显示具有D带和G带，表明存在无序和石墨化碳域，具有高度石墨化程度。扫描电子显微镜成像显示出发育良好、相互连接的多孔形态，而X射线衍射图谱证实了具有部分结晶域的非晶态性质。对所得碳材料在超级电容器应用中的电化学性能进行了评估。电化学表征表明，在900℃下热解的MK9样品表现出最高比电容205.8 F/g，超过了其他样品的性能。为了优化器件性能，使用不同电解质和浓度的CR2032硬币电池配置制造了对称超级电容器。KOH电解质器件表现出最大功率密度5137.86 W/kg、能量密度12.32 W h/kg和比电容112.4 F/g。此外，该器件表现出优异的循环稳定性，在100000次恒电流充放电循环中保持其性能。实际演示表明该器件能够为红色发光二极管供电约15分钟。这些结果突出了利用废弃生物质（特别是芒果核）开发可持续且高效超级电容器的潜力。
