Lugović-Mihić Liborija, Bukal Dora, Dolački Lorena, Zanze Lucija, Barac Ema, Tomašević Renata, Vilibić Maja
Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Pediatr Rep. 2025 Apr 21;17(2):50. doi: 10.3390/pediatric17020050.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Adolescence is a sensitive period of development marked by significant changes. The quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with atopic dermatitis (AD) can be substantially impacted by the disease. The chronic nature of AD is particularly significant: due to recurring (relapsing) skin lesions, adolescents are likely exposed to greater stress and depressive symptoms than those experiencing transient or one-time symptoms. Aesthetic and functional AD skin lesions during adolescence lead to reduced happiness, high stress and depression.
In this review, we wanted to present the current knowledge on mental health, psychological features and psychiatric comorbidity of adolescents with AD, based on the previous studies/research on this topic presented in the PubMed database.
Previous studies have confirmed that sleep disturbances, behavioral disorders, internalizing profiles, depression and anxiety, stress symptoms and suicidality represent the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities and psychological features in adolescents with AD. According to research data, adolescents with AD also reported a tendency toward feelings of sadness and hopelessness, and even suicidal thoughts and attempts. The relationship between sleep disturbances, psychiatric disorders, and suicidality in adolescents with AD is complex and multifaceted.
Adequate social competencies are essential for healthy mental development, as their impairments may be associated with psychological alterations or psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence that potentially persist into adulthood. These findings highlight the need for continuous psychological evaluation and the implementation of intervention programs from an early age. Psychological interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, accompanied by psychopharmaceuticals, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (when indicated), seem to be the most beneficial treatment options in AD patients who have the most frequent psychiatric comorbidities: depression and anxiety.
背景/目的：青春期是一个以显著变化为特征的敏感发育阶段。特应性皮炎（AD）青少年的生活质量（QoL）会受到该疾病的严重影响。AD的慢性性质尤为显著：由于皮肤病变反复出现（复发），青少年可能比那些经历短暂或一次性症状的人面临更大的压力和抑郁症状。青春期AD的美学和功能性皮肤病变会导致幸福感降低、压力大和抑郁。
在本综述中，我们希望基于PubMed数据库中关于该主题的先前研究，介绍目前有关AD青少年心理健康、心理特征和精神共病的知识。
先前的研究证实，睡眠障碍、行为障碍、内化特征、抑郁和焦虑、压力症状以及自杀倾向是AD青少年中最普遍的精神共病和心理特征。根据研究数据，AD青少年还报告有悲伤和绝望感的倾向，甚至有自杀念头和企图。AD青少年中睡眠障碍、精神障碍和自杀倾向之间的关系复杂且多方面。
足够的社交能力对健康的心理发展至关重要，因为其受损可能与儿童期和青春期的心理改变或精神障碍有关，这些问题可能会持续到成年期。这些发现凸显了从小进行持续心理评估和实施干预项目的必要性。心理干预，如认知行为疗法，辅以精神药物，如选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（在有指征时），似乎是AD患者中最有益的治疗选择，这些患者最常见的精神共病是抑郁和焦虑。
