He Jing, Wang Tong, Li Han, Zhou Yemian, Liu Yun, Xu An
Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
Toxics. 2025 Mar 24;13(4):236. doi: 10.3390/toxics13040236.
The co-occurrence of fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone has emerged as a critical environmental challenge in recent years. The individual harmful impacts of PM and ozone exposure have been well studied; however, their combined toxicity under co-exposure conditions remains mechanistically undefined. This paper provides an extensive evaluation of the current pollution levels, epidemiological investigation, and new findings on the toxicological mechanisms of combined exposure to PM and ozone. The synergistic toxicity of PM and ozone depends on different factors, including the physicochemical properties of PM, the dose and duration of exposure, and the specific target organs. Through extensive research, we identified the main targets of toxic responses to PM and ozone exposure and summarized their synergistic toxic mechanisms. Given the current research priorities, there is an urgent need to improve scientific research regarding PM and ozone co-exposure with priority given to characterizing their properties and toxicological responses while updating relevant guidelines and standards.
近年来，细颗粒物（PM）和臭氧的共存已成为一项严峻的环境挑战。PM暴露和臭氧暴露各自的有害影响已得到充分研究；然而，在共同暴露条件下它们的联合毒性在机制上仍不明确。本文对当前的污染水平、流行病学调查以及PM和臭氧联合暴露毒理学机制的新发现进行了广泛评估。PM和臭氧的协同毒性取决于不同因素，包括PM的物理化学性质、暴露剂量和持续时间以及特定靶器官。通过广泛研究，我们确定了PM和臭氧暴露毒性反应的主要靶点，并总结了它们的协同毒性机制。鉴于当前的研究重点，迫切需要加强关于PM和臭氧共同暴露的科学研究，优先对其特性和毒理学反应进行表征，同时更新相关指南和标准。
