He Chao, Liu Jianhua, Zhou Yiqi, Zhou Jingwei, Zhang Lu, Wang Yifei, Liu Lu, Peng Sha
College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China.
Eco Environ Health. 2024 Apr 19;3(3):325-337. doi: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.04.004. eCollection 2024 Sep.
In recent years, the issue of PM-O compound pollution has become a significant global environmental concern. This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of global PM-O compound pollution and exposure risks, firstly at the global and urban scale, using spatial statistical regression, exposure risk assessment, and trend analyses based on the datasets of daily PM and surface O concentrations monitored in 120 cities around the world from 2019 to 2022. Additionally, on the basis of the common emission sources, spatial heterogeneity, interacting chemical mechanisms, and synergistic exposure risk levels between PM and O pollution, we proposed a synergistic PM-O control framework for the joint control of PM and O. The results indicated that: (1) Nearly 50% of cities worldwide were affected by PM-O compound pollution, with China, South Korea, Japan, and India being the global hotspots for PM-O compound pollution; (2) Cities with PM-O compound pollution have exposure risk levels dominated by ST + ST (Stabilization) and ST + HR (High Risk). Exposure risk levels of compound pollution in developing countries are significantly higher than those in developed countries, with unequal exposure characteristics; (3) The selected cities showed significant positive spatial correlations between PM and O concentrations, which were consistent with the spatial distribution of the precursors NOx and VOCs; (4) During the study period, 52.5% of cities worldwide achieved synergistic reductions in annual average PM and O concentrations. The average PM concentration in these cities decreased by 13.97%, while the average O concentration decreased by 19.18%. This new solution offers the opportunity to construct intelligent and healthy cities in the upcoming low-carbon transition.
近年来，细颗粒物（PM）-臭氧（O）复合污染问题已成为全球重大环境关切。本研究基于2019年至2022年全球120个城市监测的每日PM和地表O浓度数据集，首先在全球和城市尺度上，运用空间统计回归、暴露风险评估和趋势分析，研究全球PM-O复合污染的时空格局及暴露风险。此外，基于PM和O污染之间的共同排放源、空间异质性、相互作用的化学机制以及协同暴露风险水平，我们提出了一个协同控制PM和O的协同PM-O控制框架。结果表明：（1）全球近50%的城市受到PM-O复合污染影响，中国、韩国、日本和印度是全球PM-O复合污染热点地区；（2）存在PM-O复合污染的城市，其暴露风险水平以ST + ST（稳定）和ST + HR（高风险）为主。发展中国家复合污染的暴露风险水平显著高于发达国家，存在暴露特征不平等现象；（3）所选城市的PM和O浓度之间呈现出显著的正空间相关性，这与前体物氮氧化物（NOx）和挥发性有机物（VOCs）的空间分布一致；（4）在研究期间，全球52.5%的城市实现了年均PM和O浓度的协同下降。这些城市的平均PM浓度下降了13.97%，而平均O浓度下降了19.18%。这一新方案为在即将到来的低碳转型中建设智能健康城市提供了契机。
