Elbagory Mohssen, Moghanm Farahat S, Mohamed Ibrahim, El-Nahrawy Sahar, Omara Alaa El-Dein, Goala Madhumita, Kumar Pankaj, Mioč Boro, Andabaka Željko, Širić Ivan
Health Specialties, Basic Sciences and Applications Unit, Applied College, King Khalid University, Mohayil Asir Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
Toxics. 2025 Apr 13;13(4):306. doi: 10.3390/toxics13040306.
The present study investigated the uptake and health risks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by lotus () cultivated in floating lake gardens of Dal Lake, Srinagar, India. Rapid urbanization and anthropogenic activities have led to PTE contamination in the lake, raising concerns about food safety and ecological sustainability. The objectives were to evaluate the physicochemical properties of water and sediment and to quantify PTEs (Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) accumulation in different tissues of with associated health risks. A systematic sampling approach was adopted across four zones of the lake, collecting water, sediment, and plant tissues (August to October 2024). The results showed significant PTE contamination, with sediment showing high concentrations of Fe (1610.51 mg/kg), Mn (31.48 mg/kg), and Cr (29.72 mg/kg). Bioaccumulation factors indicated preferential PTE accumulation in roots, with Fe exhibiting the highest uptake (95.11). Translocation factors were low for most PTEs, suggesting limited mobility to edible parts. Health risk assessment indicated that Cr posed the highest non-carcinogenic risk (HRI = 1.8000 in rhizomes). The cumulative target hazard quotient (THQ) remained below 1, suggesting no immediate risk, but long-term exposure warrants concern. The study provided valuable information on the necessity of continuous monitoring and pollution mitigation strategies to ensure the food safety of floating lake garden-derived crops.
本研究调查了印度斯利那加达尔湖浮岛花园中种植的莲花对潜在有毒元素（PTEs）的吸收情况及其健康风险。快速的城市化和人为活动导致该湖受到PTEs污染，引发了对食品安全和生态可持续性的担忧。目标是评估水和沉积物的理化性质，并量化不同组织中PTEs（镉、铜、铬、钴、铁、锰、镍和锌）的积累情况以及相关的健康风险。在该湖的四个区域采用了系统采样方法，采集水、沉积物和植物组织（2024年8月至10月）。结果显示存在显著的PTEs污染，沉积物中铁（1610.51毫克/千克）、锰（31.48毫克/千克）和铬（29.72毫克/千克）浓度较高。生物累积因子表明PTEs在根部优先积累，铁的吸收量最高（95.11）。大多数PTEs的转运因子较低，表明其向可食用部分的迁移有限。健康风险评估表明，铬构成的非致癌风险最高（根茎中的危害商数HRI = 1.8000）。累积目标危害商数（THQ）仍低于1，表明没有直接风险，但长期接触值得关注。该研究为持续监测的必要性以及确保浮岛花园衍生作物食品安全的污染缓解策略提供了有价值的信息。
